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. 2024 Jul 10;26(7):590. doi: 10.3390/e26070590

Table 4.

Comparison of batch-verification costs.

Scheme	Batch Verification Time
[28]	$4 n T_{h} + (2 n + 3) T_{e m} + (3 n + 1) T_{e a}$
[39]	$n T_{b p} + n T_{b p e 2} + (3 n - 2) T_{b p m 1}$
Ours	$3 n T_{h} + (2 n + 2) T_{e m} + (2 n + 1) T_{e a}$