Table 2.
Oral hygiene behaviour and oral health status of participants with and without SMIs. NHANES (n = 53,348), 1999–2016.
| Oral Characteristic | Total | Without SMI | With SMI | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 53,348 | 52,630 | 718 | |
| Oral hygiene behaviour | ||||
| Last dental visit | 0.250 | |||
| Less than a year | 15,736 (54.1) | 15,536 (54.1) | 200 (54.2) | |
| Over 1 year | 12,648 (43.5) | 12,483 (43.5) | 165 (44.7) | |
| Never | 693 (2.4) | 689 (2.4) | 4 (1.1) | |
| Toothbrush, twice or more | 457 (76.2) | 454 (76.4) | 3 (50.0) | 0.303 |
| Use dental floss in the past 7 days | <0.001 | |||
| No | 6866 (36.3) | 6666 (35.9) | 200 (58.0) | |
| Not everyday | 6107 (32.3) | 6026 (32.4) | 81 (23.5) | |
| Everyday | 5953 (31.5) | 5889 (31.7) | 64 (18.6) | |
| Oral health status | ||||
| Self-rated oral health | <0.001 | |||
| Excellent or very good | 13,255 (28.9) | 13,121 (29.0) | 134 (21.0) | |
| Good | 16,348 (35.6) | 16,160 (35.7) | 188 (29.5) | |
| Fair | 10,665 (23.2) | 10,497 (23.2) | 168 (26.4) | |
| Poor | 5665 (12.3) | 5518 (12.2) | 147 (23.1) | |
| Ache in mouth | <0.001 | |||
| Very often | 900 (3.5) | 863 (3.4) | 37 (8.8) | |
| Fairly often | 1118 (4.3) | 1081 (4.2) | 37 (8.8) | |
| Occasionally | 3971 (15.3) | 3901 (15.3) | 70 (16.6) | |
| Hardly ever | 5617 (21.7) | 5535 (21.7) | 82 (19.4) | |
| Never | 14,291 (55.2) | 14,095 (55.3) | 196 (46.4) | |
| Tooth loss | <0.001 | |||
| No loss | 28,522 (53.5) | 28,247 (53.7) | 275 (38.3) | |
| 1–10 | 12,854 (24.1) | 12,661 (24.1) | 193 (26.9) | |
| 11–20 | 5319 (10.0) | 5238 (10.0) | 81 (11.3) | |
| 21–31 | 3020 (5.7) | 2955 (5.6) | 65 (9.1) | |
| Edentulus | 3633 (6.8) | 3529 (6.7) | 104 (14.5) | |
| DMFT, median [IQR] | 1.0 [0.0, 11.0] | 1.0 [0.0, 11.0] | 1.5 [0.0, 16.0] | 0.001 |
| DT, median [IQR] | 0.0 [0.0, 5.0] | 0.0 [0.0, 5.0] | 0.0 [0.0, 3.8] | 0.005 |
| MT, median [IQR] | 0.0 [0.0, 2.0] | 0.0 [0.0, 2.0] | 0.0 [0.0, 5.0] | <0.001 |
| Periodontal diseases | 0.093 | |||
| None | 12,487 (53.5) | 12,342 (53.5) | 145 (50.9) | |
| Mild | 1913 (8.2) | 1891 (8.2) | 22 (7.7) | |
| Moderate | 4486 (19.2) | 4415 (19.1) | 71 (24.9) | |
| Severe | 4476 (19.2) | 4429 (19.2) | 47 (16.5) |
Note: Data are presented as frequency (%) unless specified. Numbers may not sum to totals due to missing values; percentage may not sum to 100 due to rounding. IQR, interquartile range; DMFT, number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth; DT, number of decayed teeth; MT, number of missing teeth. p value was for comparing dental behaviours and outcomes between people with and without SMI using appropriate statistical tests (t test/Mann–Whitney U test for continuous data and Chi-squared/Fisher’s exact test for categorical data).