Skip to main content
. 2024 Jul 15;14(7):2047–2056. doi: 10.3390/ejihpe14070136

Table 4.

Mental health according to the form of trauma exposure.

Depression Symptoms Anxiety Symptom
M SD M SD
Overall trauma
Yes 5.31 5.26 5.35 4.97
No 3.45 4.30 3.74 4.26
Burglary, robbery, armed robbery
Yes 4.62 4.95 4.78 4.67
No 3.50 4.35 3.79 4.29
Physical violence
Yes 6.69 5.90 6.45 5.28
No 3.48 4.31 4.27 4.27
Sexual violence
Yes 5.90 5.38 6.44 5.37
No 3.52 4.36 3.80 4.29
Violence at home
Yes 6.06 5.80 5.94 5.29
No 3.47 4.30 3.76 4.26
Violence at work/school
Yes 5.43 5.07 5.67 4.57
No 3.71 4.46 4.08 4.38
Violence at public place
Yes 5.79 5.27 5.97 5.08
No 3.45 4.31 3.73 4.25
Violence elsewhere
Yes 6.15 5.73 6.09 4.91
No 3.49 4.33 3.78 4.29

People with multiple trauma exposure also had more severe depressive (X¯ = 6.7 ± 5.8 vs. X¯ = 4.1 ± 4.4) and anxiety symptoms (X¯ = 6.6 ± 5.3 vs. X¯ = 4.2 ± 4.3) than those with single trauma exposure.