| Local causes | Systemic causes |
| • Chronic gingivitis causing | • Hereditary gingival fibromatosis and related disorders |
| Gingival abscesses | • Drugs (phenytoin, cyclosporin, calcium channel blockers) |
| Fibrous epulis | • Pregnancy |
| • Hyperplastic gingivitis due to mouth breathing causing | • Sarcoidosis |
| Exostoses | • Crohn's disease |
| Cysts | • Leukaemia |
| Pyogenic granuloma | • Wegener's granulomatosis |
| Neoplasms | • Rarely, amyloidosis, scurvy, midline lethal granuloma, mucopolysaccharidoses, mucolipidoses |
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