Table 3.
Micronutrient intake (percentage of recommended amounts) across quintiles of the contribution of ultra-processed food consumption to total caloric intake.
| Nutrient | Overall | Quintiles of % Contribution of Ultra-Processed Foods to Total Energy Intake | p-Value Trend | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | ||
| Calcium a | −54.5 | 39.6 | −61.2 | −56.1 | −54.4 | −51.1 | −49.8 | 0.008 |
| Magnesium a | −36.2 | 23.9 | −38.8 | −39.7 | −33.9 | −35.2 | −33.2 | 0.095 |
| Manganese c | 15.0 | 77.3 | 3.10 | −0.96 | 9.32 | 26.5 | 37.2 | <0.001 |
| Phosphorus a | 69.5 | 76.9 | 64.7 | 68.2 | 73.7 | 71.5 | 69.1 | 0.81 |
| Iron a | 1.48 | 68.0 | −2.38 | −3.08 | 0.20 | 4.04 | 8.62 | 0.11 |
| Sodium b | 91.2 | 90.9 | 82.8 | 83.7 | 97.5 | 94.0 | 98.0 | 0.51 |
| Potassium c | −24.0 | 25.9 | −25.4 | −24.7 | −21.3 | −24.0 | −24.4 | 0.70 |
| Copper a | 40.8 | 309.3 | 75.7 | 63.2 | 30.0 | 22.5 | 12.7 | 0.033 |
| Selenium a | 48.9 | 100.9 | 47.5 | 38.7 | 56.5 | 47.2 | 54.3 | 0.72 |
| Zinc a | 16.8 | 62.9 | 16.9 | 14.8 | 20.1 | 20.3 | 11.8 | 0.074 |
Sources: a—Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA); b—Chronic Disease Risk Reduction Intake (CDRRI); c—Adequate Intake (AI). Statistically significant p-Values are in bold. Nonparametric multiple linear regression adjusted by age and participation in a food assistance program.