Changes in overlap indices of habitat suitability of 12 major invasive wasps. (a) F126; (b) F585; (c) M126; (d) M585. Considerable increases of overlap indices of habitat suitability under F126 and M126 were mainly detected in eastern coastline regions and the eastern part of USA, North Europe, East China, Nepal, New Zealand and southeastern coastlines of Australia. Large increases in the overlap indices of habitat suitability under the scenarios of M585 and F585 were primarily identified in the eastern part of North America, western coastline regions of the North America, North Europe, western part of Russia, Nepal, India, East China and the far-east regions of Russia.