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. 2024 Jul 19;15(7):546. doi: 10.3390/insects15070546

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© 2024 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Overlap indices of expanding ranges of the 12 major invasive wasps. (a) overlap indices of expanding ranges of expanding ranges under F126 scenarios; (b) overlap indices of expanding ranges of expanding ranges under F585 scenarios; (c) overlap indices of expanding ranges under M126 scenarios; (d) overlap indices of expanding ranges under M585 scenarios. High values of overlapping indices of expanding ranges in Europe, northeastern and northwestern parts of the United States of America, southeastern and southwestern parts of Canada, Southeast China, New Zealand, southeastern coastline regions of Australia, Japan and southern part of Chile.