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. 2024 Jul 21;25(14):7976. doi: 10.3390/ijms25147976

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© 2024 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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SARS-CoV-2 live-virus neutralization titers (VNT₁₀₀ (titer-neutralizing 100 TCID₅₀)) of sera and yolk samples from either the RBD antigen (SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding-domain coupled to LS-particles), the S1 antigen (S1 subunit of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein coupled to LS-particles) or an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 full-virus preparation-immunized chickens and rabbits. The course of the neutralizing immune response of chickens in (A) sera (mean with SEM) and (B) yolk samples (individual values) tested against the sequence-homologous WT variant. Neutralizing reactivity of (C) chicken and rabbit sera (mean with SEM) and (D) yolk preparations (individual values) were additionally tested against Alpha, Beta, Delta and Omicron BA.1 and BA.5 variants.