αSMA	α-smooth muscle actin
APCs	antigen-presenting cells
ATP	adenosine triphosphate
BAMBI	BMP activin membrane-bound inhibitor
CEACAM1	carcinoembryonic antigen-related adhesion molecule 1
CLD	chronic liver disease
COL1A	collagen 1A
DAMPs	danger-associated molecular patterns
DNMT	DNA methyltransferase
DCs	myeloid dendritic cells (also dubbed ‘classical’ or ‘conventional’)
ECM	extracellular matrix
EGF	epidermal growth factor
EMT	epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
FXR	farnesoid X receptor
GFAP	glial fibrillary acidic protein
HAND2	heart and neural crest derivatives 2
HBV	hepatitis B virus
HCC	hepatocellular carcinoma
HCV	hepatitis C virus
HDV	hepatitis D virus
HGF	hepatocyte growth factor
HMGB1	high mobility group box 1 protein
HNRNPA1	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1
HSP47	Heat shock protein 47
ICAM-1	intercellular adhesion molecule 1
IL-6	interleukin 6
ILCs	innate lymphoid cells
KCs	Kupffer cells
lncRNAs	long noncoding RNAs
LPS	lipopolysaccharide
LRAT	lecithin retinol acyltransferase
LSEC	liver sinusoidal endothelial cells
MCP-1	monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
MDSCs	myeloid-derived suppressor cells
mito-DAMPs	mitochondria-derived danger signals
MMPs	matrix metalloproteinases
MOMP	mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization
MSCs	mesenchymal stem cells
MSLN	mesothelin
MUCI 16	mucin 16
NAFLD	nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
NASH	nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
NETs	neutrophil extracellular traps
NKs	natural killer cells
NKTs	natural killer T cells
PAMPs	pathogen-associated molecular patterns
PBC	primary biliary cholangitis
PDGF	platelet-derived growth factor
PPARγ	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ
PSC	primary sclerosing cholangitis
ROS	reactive oxygen species
SAMs	scar-associated macrophages
scRNA sequencing	single-cell RNA sequencing
SEREB-1c	sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c
TET	methylcytosine dioxygenase
TGF-β	transforming growth factor-β
TIMPs	tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases
TLR-4	Toll-like receptor 4
TRAIL	TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligands
VCAM-1	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1