Table 1.

Risk factors with the respective causative agents responsible for Urothelial Bladder Cancer.

Authors	Risk Factors for Urothelial Bladder Cancer	Causative Agents
Burger et al., 2013 [13]	Smoking	Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and aromatic amines such as b-naphthylamine
Cumberbatch et al., 2018 [17]
Pesch et al., 2013 [65]
Cumberbatch et al., 2018 [17]	Pollution	Arsenic
Baris et al., 2016 [27]
Mendez et al., 2017 [34]
Cumberbatch et al., 2018 [17]		Nitrate
Manisalidis et al., 2020 [42]		Air Pollution
Lim et al., 2023 [43]
Sakhvidi et al., 2020 [44]
Weissman et al, 2022 [37]	Trihalomethane THM	Chlorinated water
Villanueva et al., 2007 [38]	THM	Chlorinated swimming pools
Burger et al., 2013 [13]	Genetics	NAT2, GSTM1, rs798766 (TMEM129-TACC3-FGFR3), rs11892031 (UDP glucuronyltransferase 1A [UGT1A]), GSTM1 GSTA1, GSTT1, NQO1, and SOD2,
Cumberbatch et al., 2018 [17]
Figueroa et al., 2015 [48]
Amr et al., 2015 [51]
Samara et al., 2021 [52]
Saginala et al., 2020 [36]
Cumberbatch et al., 2018 [17]	Diet	Alcohol
Botteri et al., 2017 [53]
Saginala et al., 2020 [36]		Meat
Al-Zalabani et al., 2016 [54]
Catsburg et al., 2014 [55]
Ronco et al., 2014 [56]
Burger et al., 2013 [13]		Fruits and Vegetables
Cumberbatch et al., 2018 [17]
Zalabani et al., 2016 [54]
Vieira et al., 2015 [57]
Sanli et al., 2017 [58]
Gu et al., 2022 [59]		Vitamins
Liao et al., 2015 [35]
Zalabani et al., 2016 [54]		Diary
Zalabani et al., 2016 [54]	Medical Conditions	Oral hypoglycemic drugs, chemotherapeutic agents, and radiation
Zhu et al., 2013 [60]
Sun et al., 2015 [62]; Cumberbatch et al., 2018 [17]
Burger et al., 2013 [13]	Occupational Risk	2-naphthylamine, benzidine, 4-chloro-o-toluidine, 4-aminobiphenyl), chlorinated, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, metal working fluids, diesel exhaust, and perchloroethylene
Cumberbatch et al., 2018 [17]
Saginala et al., 2020 [36]
Cumberbatch et al., 2015 [63]
Pesch et al., 2013 [65]	Race	-
Burger et al., 2013 [13]	Gender	Male
Cumberbatch et al., 2018 [17]
		Female