(A) Representative histology images (hematoxylin and eosin) of fetal lungs from autopsy studies of CDH fetuses (n = 4) and controls with no lung pathology or inflammatory condition (n = 4). Scale bars, 100 μm. Quantification of number of alveoli (RAC) in 10 fields per fetal lung. **P < 0.01. (B) Representative immunofluorescence images of pan-macrophage marker CD68 in human fetal lungs autopsy samples from CDH (n = 4) and controls (n = 4), quantified as number per DAPI+ cell (%). Scale bars, 50 μm. ****P < 0.0001. (C) Representative immunofluorescence images of inflammatory mediators TNFα and pNF-κB in the same experimental groups as (B) quantified by fluorescence intensity of TNFα and density of pNF-κB+ cells per field. Scale bars, 50 μm. Groups were compared using two-tailed Mann-Whitney test for (A), (B), and (C) pNF-κB and two-tailed Student’s t test for (C) TNFα, according to Shapiro-Wilk normality test. ***P < 0.001.