Table 2.
Patient and Limb Characteristics by UHRA.
| Patient and Limb Characteristic | No UHRA 167 Limbs (82.3%) |
UHRA 36 Limbs (17.7%) |
p Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD) [a] | 65.40 (12.5) | 64.72 (13.0) | 0.79 |
| Sex | 0.04 | ||
| Female | 52 (91.2) | 5 (8.8) | |
| Male | 114 (78.6) | 31 (21.4) | |
| Race | 0.58 | ||
| Non-white | 82 (83.7) | 16 (16.3) | |
| White | 75 (80.0) | 19 (20.2) | |
| Ambulatory status | 0.65 | ||
| Ambulatory | 57 (86.4) | 9 (13.6) | |
| Ambulatory with assistance | 81 (81.0) | 19 (19.0) | |
| Non-ambulatory | 29 (80.6) | 7 (19.4) | |
| Living situation | 0.70 | ||
| Home | 147 (82.6) | 31 (17.4) | |
| Other | 15 (80.0) | 4 (21.1) | |
| Medical history | |||
| Stroke | 17 (85.0) | 3 (15.0) | 1.00 |
| Coronary artery disease | 70 (77.8) | 20 (22.2) | 0.17 |
| Myocardial infarction | 28 (84.9) | 5 (15.2) | 0.81 |
| Congestive heart failure | 41 (77.4) | 12 (22.6) | 0.30 |
| Hypertension | 144 (81.8) | 32 (18.2) | 1.00 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 74 (79.6) | 19 (20.4) | 0.46 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 32 (74.4) | 11 (25.6) | 0.17 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 22 (75.9) | 7 (24.1) | 0.36 |
| End-stage renal disease | 52 (82.5) | 11 (17.5) | 1.00 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 116 (81.7) | 26 (18.3) | 0.84 |
| Malignancy | 23 (82.1) | 5 (17.9) | 1.00 |
| Smoking status | 0.44 | ||
| Never | 65 (81.3) | 15 (18.8) | |
| Former | 71 (79.8) | 18 (20.2) | |
| Current | 29 (90.6) | 3 (9.4) | |
| Medications | |||
| Statin | 114 (79.7) | 29 (20.3) | 0.15 |
| Antiplatelet | 107 (80.5) | 26 (19.6) | 0.37 |
| Anticoagulation | 45 (73.8) | 16 (26.2) | 0.05 |
| Dual antiplatelet | 29 (76.3) | 9 (23.7) | 0.34 |
| Optimal medical therapy | 90 (79.7) | 23 (20.4) | 0.30 |
| Non-invasive vascular testing | |||
| Waveform—femoral | 1.00 | ||
| Multiphasic | 149 (81.0) | 35 (19.0) | |
| Abnormal | 4 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Waveform—popliteal | 0.60 | ||
| Multiphasic | 135 (80.8) | 32 (19.2) | |
| Abnormal | 18 (85.7) | 3 (14.3) | |
| Waveform—ankle | 0.12 | ||
| Multiphasic | 87 (86.1) | 14 (13.9) | |
| Abnormal | 67 (77.0) | 20 (23.0) | |
| ABI | 0.24 | ||
| 0.8–1.4 | 47 (82.5) | 10 (17.5) | |
| 0.5–0.8 | 19 (67.9) | 9 (32.1) | |
| ≤0.5 | 25 (89.3) | 3 (10.7) | |
| Invalid | 65 (84.4) | 12 (15.6) | |
| Toe pressure | 0.04 | ||
| ≥30 mm Hg | 73 (81.1) | 17 (18.9) | |
| <30 mm Hg | 11 (57.9) | 8 (42.1) | |
| 0 mm Hg | 47 (87.0) | 7 (13.0) | |
| Angiographic findings | |||
| Patent common femoral artery | 115 (79.9) | 29 (20.1) | 0.99 |
| Patent profunda femoris artery | 115 (80.4) | 28 (19.6) | 0.26 |
| Patent genicular arteries, n (%) | 0.77 | ||
| 4 or 5 | 64 (79.0) | 17 (21.0) | |
| 3 or fewer | 43 (76.8) | 13 (23.2) | |
| WIfI 1-year amputation risk | 0.99 | ||
| Very low or low risk | 29 (80.6) | 7 (19.4) | |
| Moderate or high risk | 104 (80.6) | 25 (19.4) | |
| Index amputation type | 0.03 | ||
| Toe | 92 (78.0) | 26 (22.0) | |
| Transmetatarsal | 14 (70.0) | 6 (30.0) | |
| Below-knee | 34 (92.0) | 3 (8.1) | |
| Through- or above-knee | 27 (96.4) | 1 (3.6) | |
| Indication for index amputation | 0.27 | ||
| Dry gangrene | 62 (75.6) | 20 (24.4) | |
| Any infection | 77 (87.5) | 11 (12.5) | |
| Nonhealing wound or rest pain | 28 (84.9) | 5 (15.2) | |
| Infection present | 117 (85.4) | 20 (14.6) | 0.12 |
| Index amputation, open or closed | 0.70 | ||
| Closed | 85 (83.3) | 17 (16.7) | |
| Partially open or open | 82 (81.2) | 19 (18.8) | |
| Ipsilateral revascularization prior to or concomitant with index amputation | 65 (74.7) | 22 (25.3) | 0.03 |
| Revascularization after index amputation | 19 (65.5) | 10 (34.5) | 0.01 |
| Debridement after index amputation | 14 (66.7) | 7 (33.3) | 0.05 |
Data presented as frequencies with percentages in parentheses. ABI, ankle-brachial index; WIfI, wound, infection, and ischemia index. p values unadjusted for multiple comparisons. Fisher’s exact test except where noted ([a] Student’s t-test). All tests two-tailed. All variables measured at index.