Table 2.

Summary of studies on TH and ECMO use in ADHF.

Study	Device	Sample Size	Patient Characteristics	Duration	Key Hemodynamic Measurements	Outcomes
Smith et al. [31]	TH	18	Refractory CS	5.2 days	CI, PCWP	Survival to discharge: 23.8% (bridge to recovery) vs. 68.2% (bridge to LVAD)
Kar et al. [32]	TH	117	Refractory CS	5.8 days	CI, PCWP, SvO2, lactate, creatinine	30-day mortality: 40.2% 6-month mortality: 45.3%
ECMO-CS [33]	ECMO	117 (35.1% non-MI)	Rapidly deteriorating patients or with established CS randomized to early VA-ECMO or initially conservative therapy	N/R	N/R	No difference in composite endpoint (71.4% vs. 77.3%) or all-cause mortality (52.4% vs. 54.5%)

Abbreviations: TH, Tandemheart; ECMO, extracorporeal membranous oxygenation; ADHF, Acute Decompensated Heart Failure; CS, cardiogenic shock; CI, cardiac index; PCWP, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; LVAD, left ventricular assist device.