REAGENT or RESOURCE	SOURCE	IDENTIFIER
Antibodies
Mouse Anti-β actin mAb	Zsgb-bio	Cat#TA-09; RRID: AB_2636897
Anti-SPAG6 antibody (rabbit)	Sigma Aldrich	Cat#HPA038440; RRID: AB_10671742
Anti-DNAH1 antibody (rabbit)	Sigma Aldrich	Cat#HPA036806; RRID: AB_10670849
Anti-DNAI2 antibody (rabbit)	Proteintech	Cat#17533-1-AP; RRID: AB_2096670
Anti-DNAH12 antibody (rabbit)	Thermo Fisher Scientific	Cat#PA5-63952; RRID: AB_2640661
Anti-Acetylated Tubulin (mouse)	Sigma Aldrich	Cat#T6793; RRID: AB_609894
Donkey Anti-Mouse IgG(H/L), Alexa Fluor 488-AffiniPure	Jackson ImmunoResearch	Cat#715-545-150; RRID: AB_2340846
Donkey Anti-Rabbit IgG(H/L), Alexa Fluor 594-AffiniPure	Jackson ImmunoResearch	Cat#711-585-152; RRID: AB_2340621
Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG(H + L)(peroxidase/ HRP conjugated)	Elabscience	Cat#E-AB-1003; RRID: AB_2921220
Goat Anti-Mouse IgG(H + L)(peroxidase/ HRP conjugated)	Elabscience	Cat# E-AB-1001; RRID: AB_2715613
Biological samples
Frozen human peripheral blood sample	This study	N/A
Frozen human semen samples	This study	N/A
Chemicals, peptides, and recombinant proteins
RIPA lysis buffer	Beyotime	Cat#P0013B
4% paraformaldehyde	Biosharp	Cat#BL539A
Gluta fixative solution	Biosharp	Cat#BL911A
Osmium(VIII) oxide	Sigma Aldrich	Cat#1.24505
TRIzol reagent	Invitrogen	Cat#AM9738
PMSF Protease Inhibitor	Beyotime	Cat#P1046
Hoechst 33342	Thermo Fisher Scientific	Cat#62249
Triton X-100	Biosharp	Cat#BS084
Antifade Mounting Medium	Beyotime	Cat#P0126
Critical commercial assays
Sure Select XT Human All Exon Kit	Agilent	Cat#5191-4028
PrimeScript RT reagent Kit	TaKaRa	Cat#RR037A
PAS stain Kit	Beyotime	Cat#C0142S
Hematoxylin and Eosin Staining Kit	Beyotime	Cat#C0105S
SYBR GreenⅠMaster	Roche	Cat#04887352001
Experimental models: Organisms/strains
Mouse:C57BL/6JGpt	Jiangsu GemPharmatech Co., Ltd	N/A
Oligonucleotides
Primers used in this study are listed In Tables S3–S6	This study	N/A
Software and algorithms
Sorting Intolerant From Tolerant	SIFT	RRID:SCR_012813 http://sift-dna.org/
PolyPhen-2	PolyPhen-2	RRID:SCR_013189 http://genetics.bwh.harvard.edu/pph2/
Mutation Taster	Mutation Taster	RRID:SCR_010777 http://www.mutationtaster.org/
UCSC	UCSC	RRID:SCR_005780 http://genome.ucsc.edu/
Uniprot	Uniprot	RRID:SCR_002380 https://www.uniprot.org/
Genome Aggregation Database	GnomAD	RRID:SCR_014964 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/
GeneCards	GeneCards	RRID:SCR_002773 http://genecards.org
NCBI	NCBI	RRID:SCR_006472 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Mouse Genome Informatics	Mouse Genome Informatics	RRID:SCR_006460 http://www.informatics.jax.org/
Burrows-Wheeler Aligner	Burrows-Wheeler Aligner	RRID:SCR_010910 http://bio-bwa.sourceforge.net/
Picard	Picard	RRID:SCR_006525 http://broadinstitute.github.io/picard/
ANNOVAR	ANNOVAR	RRID:SCR_012821 http://www.openbioinformatics.org/annovar/
GraphPad Prism	GraphPad Prism	RRID:SCR_002798 http://www.graphpad.com/
ImageJ	Wayne Rasband, NIH	RRID:SCR_003070 http://imagej.net/
SlideViewer	SlideViewer	RRID:SCR_024885 http://www.3dhistech.com/research/software-downloads/
Others
Whole-exome sequencing data for the infertile males	This study	https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.08464