Table 2.

Alginate-based hydrogels in neural regeneration.

Hydrogel Structure	Hydrogel Physical, Chemical, and Biological Characteristics	Neural Disease/Disorder Targeted	Ref
Alginate/chitosan hydrogel containing 4-methylcatechol	Pore size suitable for cell proliferation, biodegradability, hemocompatibility	Peripheral nerve regeneration	[22]
Chitosan/alginate hydrogel with berberine and naringin nanoparticles	Swelling, porous, weight loss, mechanical strength, controlled release, biocompatibility	Peripheral nerve regeneration	[23]
Alginate/gum arabic hydrogel with immobilized NGF and carnosine	Sustained NGF release, reduced inflammation, increased angiogenesis, enhanced re-epithelialization	Diabetic foot ulcers	[24]
Alginate hydrogel scaffold with melatonin	Controlled release, ECM-like microenvironment, antioxidant properties, reduced inflammation, improved angiogenesis	Peripheral nerve injury	[28]
Alginate/magnetic short nanofiber composite hydrogel encapsulating olfactory ecto-mesenchymal stem cells (OE-MSCs)	Mimics ECM, enhances cell viability and proliferation, promotes neural-like differentiation	Nerve regeneration	[29]
Alginate/chitosan hydrogel with berberine	Pore size, controlled release, hemocompatibility, cytocompatibility, biocompatibility, promotion of cell proliferation	Peripheral nerve regeneration	[32]
Alginate/chitosan hydrogel with hesperidin	Interconnected porosity, biodegradability, blood compatibility, antibacterial properties	Peripheral nerve regeneration	[45]