Table 5.

Peptide-based hydrogels in neural regeneration.

Hydrogel Structure	Hydrogel Physical, Chemical, and Biological Characteristics	Neural Disease/Disorder Targeted	Ref
Peptide amphiphile nanofiber hydrogel with sonic hedgehog protein (SHH)	Supports nerve regeneration, prevents neuronal degeneration, maintains glial signaling	Cavernous nerve injury (prevents erectile dysfunction)	[43]
Neurotrophic peptide-functionalized self-assembling peptide nanofiber hydrogel (RAD/RGI)	Promotes cell adhesion, proliferation, neuronal differentiation, axonal regeneration	Sciatic nerve regeneration	[44]
Peptide amphiphile (PA)-based hydrogel consisting of C16GSH	Biocompatibility; supports Schwann cell proliferation and migration, provides angiogenesis support	Peripheral nerve injury	[60]
Peptide RADA16-I nanofiber scaffold hydrogel	Promotes faster healing	Peripheral nerve injury	[61]
Self-assembling peptide nanofiber hydrogel (RADA 16-Mix)	Enhanced axonal regeneration, Schwann cell migration, better functional recovery	Peripheral nerve injury	[62]
RADA16-I self-assembling peptide hydrogel	Supports neurite outgrowth and functional synapse formation, increases myelinated nerve areas	Recurrent laryngeal nerve regeneration	[63]
BD PuraMatrix peptide hydrogel seeded with Schwann cells	Supports Schwann cell survival and proliferation, increases regeneration distance	Peripheral nerve injury	[64]
Multidomain peptide (MDP) hydrogels in PCL conduits	Anionic MDP: may improve functional recovery; cationic MDP: poor functional recovery, higher muscle weight retention, better myelination	Transected peripheral nerve injury	[65]
Silk fibroin peptide (SF16) hydrogel	Biocompatible, impressive mechanical and degradative properties; enhances nerve regeneration, maintains cell viability, promotes axonal growth	Peripheral nerve injury	[66]
Human hair keratin hydrogel scaffold	Enhances motor recovery; larger nerve area, higher myofiber density	Peripheral nerve injury	[67]