Table 9.

Hydrogels designed for special neural regeneration applications.

Hydrogel Structure	Hydrogel Physical, Chemical, and Biological Characteristics	Neural Disease/Disorder Targeted	Ref
Gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogel	Adjustable mechanical properties, excellent biocompatibility, processability	Nerve injury	[102]
Gelatin modified by methacrylic anhydride hydrogel loaded with vascular endothelial growth factor	Good physical and chemical properties, biocompatibility; supports adhesion and proliferation of RSC96 cells	Peripheral nerve crush injury	[103]
Thermosensitive hydrogel (PALDE) loaded with extracellular vesicles from adipose-derived stem cells	Rapid solidification, sustained high concentration of extracellular vesicles (EVs) around repaired nerve	Peripheral nerve injury	[104]
Agarose and methylcellulose hydrogel blends	Rapid solidification at physiological temperatures, thermoreversible, delivering therapeutics, holding scaffolds	Nerve injury within CNS	[105]
Chondroitin sulfate hydrogel loaded with nerve growth factor (NGF)	Dissociation constant in micromolar range with neurotrophins, better scaffold for neurite outgrowth than hyaluronic acid	Brachial plexus injury	[106]