Table 1.
Demographics of participants and baseline outcome indicators.
| All Participants | Experimental Group (EG) | Comparison Group (CG) | t/x2 | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 33 | n = 16 | n = 17 | |||
| Age (years) | 61.5 ± 11.1 | 59.9 ± 12.8 | 63.1 ± 9.3 | 0.676 | 0.417 |
| Sex (male) | 25 (75.8) | 13 (81.2) | 12 (70.6) | 0.51 | 0.475 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.6 ± 4.7 | 26.2 ± 4.8 | 24.9 ± 4.7 | 0.563 | 0.459 |
| Education | 3.735 | 0.443 | |||
| Under elementary school | 1 (3.0) | 0 (0) | 1 (5.9) | ||
| Elementary school | 7 (21.2) | 4 (25.0) | 3 (17.6) | ||
| Junior high school | 6 (18.2) | 3 (18.8) | 3 (17.6) | ||
| Senior high school | 7 (21.2) | 5 (31.2) | 2 (11.8) | ||
| College and above | 12 (36.4) | 4 (25.0) | 8 (47.1) | ||
| Marital status | 0.279 | 0.870 | |||
| Unmarried | 7 (21.2) | 4 (25.0) | 3 (17.6) | ||
| Married | 24 (72.7) | 11 (68.8) | 13 (76.5) | ||
| Widowed | 2 (6.1) | 1 (6.2) | 1 (5.9) | ||
| Caregiver | 6.686 | 0.153 | |||
| None | 2 (6.1) | 2 (12.5) | 0 (0) | ||
| Family members | 24 (72.7) | 12 (75.0) | 12 (70.6) | ||
| Foreigner maid | 1 (3.0) | 1 (6.2) | 0 (0) | ||
| Professional caregiver | 6 (18.2) | 1 (6.2) | 5 (29.4) | ||
| Paraside/Affected side (Right) | 19 (57.6) | 7 (43.8) | 12 (70.6) | 2.431 | 0.166 |
| Duration of stay | 17.8 ± 6.6 | 17.8 ± 6.6 | 17.9 ± 6.8 | 0.003 | 0.955 |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Hypertension | 23 (69.7) | 11 (68.8) | 12 (70.6) | 0.013 | 1.000 |
| Type 2 diabetes | 7 (21.2) | 5 (31.2) | 2 (11.8) | 1.873 | 0.225 |
| Heart disease | 9 (27.3) | 5 (31.2) | 4 (23.5) | 0.248 | 0.708 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 23 (69.7) | 11 (68.8) | 12 (70.6) | 0.013 | 1.000 |
| Metabolic syndrome | 6 (18.2) | 4 (25.0) | 2 (11.8) | 0.971 | 0.398 |
| Discharge destination | 1.873 | 0.225 | |||
| Home | 26 (78.8) | 11 (68.8) | 15 (88.2) | ||
| Post-acute care units/Nursing home | 7 (21.2) | 5 (31.2) | 2 (11.8) |
Note: Data were presented as numbers (%) in categorical variables or mean ± standard deviation (SD) in continuous variables; p values were derived from a Student’s t-test (continuous variable) or a chi-squared test (categorical variable). Abbreviations: CG, control group; EG, experimental group.