Table 3.

Effect of the intervention on outcome indicators based on generalized estimating equations (GEE) analysis.

	Within Group		Between Group		Interaction Group (EG) × Time				Interaction a Group (EG) × Time
	Ref: Baseline		CG vs. EG		Reference Group (CG) × Time				Reference Group (CG) × Time
	ß	p	ß	p	ß	95% C.I.		p	ß	95% C.I.		p-Adjusted a
						Lower	Upper			Lower	Upper
Muscle strength
Affected side
Upper extremity	0.81	0.063	0.03	0.937	−0.17	−1.42	1.09	0.797	−0.29	−1.12	0.55	0.500
Lower extremity	0.94	<0.001	0.14	0.592	−0.29	−1.05	0.47	0.456	−0.33	−0.88	0.21	0.232
Unaffected side
Upper extremity	0.38	0.022	0.26	0.143	−0.20	−0.57	0.17	0.291	−0.24	−0.53	0.05	0.107
Lower extremity	0.38	0.106	−0.03	0.910	−0.02	−0.61	0.57	0.942	−0.09	−0.46	0.29	0.642
NHISS	0.19	0.766	−0.16	0.640	−0.36	−1.64	0.91	0.576	−0.47	−1.34	0.39	0.286
Depression	−2.88	<0.001	−3.59	0.01	3.58	−0.32	7.48	0.072	3.77	0.87	6.67	0.011
Anxiety	−1.50	0.070	−3.15	0.059	1.03	−3.35	5.41	0.645	1.03	−1.72	3.78	0.463
mRS	−0.63	0.090	0.34	0.256	−0.49	−1.44	0.45	0.308	−0.50	−1.09	0.10	0.100
PASS	9.00	0.011	−0.88	0.830	−4.88	−15.50	5.74	0.367	−4.62	−11.2	1.93	0.167
FIM	12.9	0.069	−14.0	0.130	0.65	−24.7	26.0	0.960	−0.91	−15.5	13.7	0.903
Barthel Index	4.7	0.590	−11.3	0.159	7.67	−16.9	32.3	0.541	8.52	−10.3	27.3	0.374

Note: Analyses were performed by GEE models, with a group × time interaction term characterizing the intervention effect of interest. ^a Models were adjusted for sociodemographic factors and comorbidities (i.e., sex, age, educational level, marital status, body mass index, caregiver, duration of stay, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, hyperlipidemia, and metabolic syndrome). Abbreviations: CG, comparison group; EG, experimental group; FIM, Functional Independence Measure; mRS, modified Rankin Scale; NHISS, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale; PASS, Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke; ß: Regression coefficient.