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. 2024 Jul 15;13(14):4127. doi: 10.3390/jcm13144127

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Proposed molecular mechanisms for the therapeutic activity of N-acetylcysteine after oral administration in chronic respiratory diseases. NAC: N-acetylcysteine; GSH: glutathione; RSSH: persulfides; RSSnSR: polysulfides; NKA: neurokinin A; NF-κB: Nuclear factor kappa B; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α; IL-1β: Interleukin-1beta; IL-8: Interleukin-8; ROS: reactive oxygen species.