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. 2024 Jul 16;12(7):1439. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12071439

Figure 3.

Figure 3

The main strategies of immune evasion by Mhp include antigenic mutation, invasion, and biofilm formation and modulation of the immune response. By inducing excessive inflammation, incomplete autophagy, apoptosis, and inhibition of immune cells or immune effector activity, Mhp can achieve the modulation of the host immune system.