Table 1.

Growth factor concentrations and types in BC.

Growth Factor	Concentration in BC (ng/mL)	Concentration in Bovine Milk(ng/mL)	Properties	Reference
EGF	324.2	155 (pasteurized milk)	Cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation	[10,11]
IGF-1	870	150	Cell growth and proliferation	[6,12]
IGF-2	206	2–6	Regulates cell proliferation and survival	[12,13,14]
TGF-β	100.7	4.3 (pasteurized milk)	Pro-inflammatory mediator, stimulating the activation and migration of immune cells and wound healing	[15,16]
TGF-α	200	-	Cell proliferation, differentiation, and development	[17,18]
PDGF	-	-	Cell migration, proliferation, and survival	[19]