Table 2.
Serum Levels of Oxidative and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease According to Treatment Group: Baseline Data (T1) and Endline Data (T2).
| Group | p-Value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Curcumin | Curcumin + Piperine | ANCOVA/Bonferroni * | ||
| MPO | T1 | 11.5 ± 2.5 | 10.8 ± 2.6 | 10.7 ± 2.4 | |
| T2 | 11.8 ± 2.6 | 11.8 ± 1.6 | 12.9 ± 1.5 | 0.162 | |
| Δ | −0.0 ± 3.7 | 1.0 ± 2.2 | 1.8 ± 1.9 | 0.199 | |
| TNF-α (pg/µL) Φ | T1 | 0.0 ± 0.6 | 0.1 ± 0.6 | 0.2 ± 0.5 | |
| T2 | 0.0 ± 0.6 | −0.4 ± 0.5 | −0.2 ± 0.5 | 0.126 | |
| IL-17A (pg/µL) Φ | T1 | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0.2 ± 0.4 | |
| T2 | 0.3 (0.2) | 0.1 (0.5) | 0.3 (0.2) | 0.334 K | |
| IL 22 (pg/µL) | T1 | 3.4 ± 1.8 | 3.7 ± 2.0 | 3.9 ± 2.8 | |
| T2 | 4.2 ± 1.9 | 4.7 ± 1.7 | 5.1 ± 2.9 | 0.498 | |
| Δ | 1.3 ± 1.8 | 1.0 ± 2.1 | 1.0 ± 3.0 | 0.853 | |
| IL-10 (pg/µL) | T1 | 0.9 ± 0.7 | 1.0 ± 0.8 | 1.1 ± 0.8 | |
| T2 | 1.5 ± 0.7 | 1.9 ± 1.0 | 1.9 ± 1.2 | 0.511 | |
| Δ | 0.6 ± 0.7 | 0.8 ± 1.3 | 0.7 ± 1.3 | 0.940 | |
| SOD (U/µL) | T1 | 3599.8 ± 684.4 | 3728.1 ± 714.5 | 3761.3 ± 638.8 | |
| T2 | 3614.5 ± 731.5 | 3910.2 ± 800.4 | 4346.9 ± 879.0 | 0.020 ## | |
| Δ | −126.8 ± 762.7 | 142.1 ± 906.9 | 538.8 ± 1040.1 | 0.027 ## | |
| Catalase (U/min) | T1 | 7.6 ± 2.9 | 8.5 ± 2.8 | 9.0 ± 3.2 | |
| T2 | 9.6 ± 4.2 | 9.2 ± 3.4 | 9.2 ± 3.4 | 0.781 | |
| Δ | 1.4 ± 6.1 | 0.6 ± 3.6 | 0.3 ± 2.6 | 0.576 | |
| Hydrogen Peroxide (nmol/mL) | T1 | 218.3 ± 155.7 | 224.7 ± 154.9 | 259.5 ± 149.7 | |
| T2 | 186.9 ± 118.7 | 215.5 ± 94.9 | 183.7 ± 98.1 | 0.307 | |
| Δ | −45.7 ± 220.0 | −9.1 ± 165.9 | −78.3 ± 168.3 | 0.476 | |
| MDA (ng/µL) Φ | T1 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.2 | |
| T2 | 0.8 ± 0.4 | 0.7 ± 0.4 | 0.7 ± 0.3 | 0.602 | |
Legend: Data expressed as mean ± Standard deviation or median (interquartile range); Φ = logarized variable; ## = placebo group vs. curcumin + piperine group; K = Kruskal-Wallis test; pg = picogram; µL = microliter; mL = milliliter; U = unit; Δ = (T2–T1); ANCOVA adjusted for sex, age, and type of inflammatory bowel disease; * the Bonferroni test has been realized when ANCOVA < 0.05.