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. 2024 Jul 9;17(7):914. doi: 10.3390/ph17070914

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© 2024 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effects of CF extracts on serum inflammation factors and protein expression in RA rats: (a) serum IL-6 level; (b) serum TNF-α level; (c) serum COX-2 level; (d) serum IL-1β level; (e) serum RF level (mean ± SEM, n = 8); (f) Western blot analysis; (g) effect of CF on p-ERK, ERK proteins in rats; (h) effect of CF on NF-κB, p-NF-κB proteins in rats (mean ± SEM, n = 5). ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. control group; ^# p < 0.05, ^## p < 0.01, ^### p < 0.001 vs. model group; ^&&& p < 0.001 vs. DD group.