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. 2024 Jul 17;13(7):596. doi: 10.3390/pathogens13070596

Table 1.

Risk factors for the development of herpes zoster.

  1. Psychological stress

  2. Advancing age

  3. Immunosuppression

  4. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) / acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

  5. Malignancies

  6. Post-transplant

  7. Chronic diseases

  8. Autoimmune diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel diseases)

  9. Chronic respiratory diseases, e.g., asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

  10. Chronic renal disease

  11. Diabetes

  12. Physical trauma

  13. Local trauma may be associated with herpes zoster—reactivation of latent virus possibly via stimulation of local sensory nerves