Table 3.

Selected complications of herpes zoster infection.

Complications	Manifestations
Post herpetic neuralgia	Burning pain persisting > 3 months after resolution of rash
Herpes zoster ophthalmicus	‘Hutchinson’s sign’ or vesicular lesions over tip of the nose Involvement of the ophthalmic division of the V nerve
Ramsay Hunt syndrome	Unilateral painful vesicles on the external auditory canal, otalgia, and facial paralysis Involvement of geniculate ganglion
Others	Acute retinal necrosis—may present with acute onset of vision loss, redness, photophobia, pain, floaters, and flashes. Classically, there is posterior segment involvement including vitreous inflammation, retinal vascular arteriolitis, and peripheral retinitis Keratitis and uveitis Aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, and transverse myelitis Urinary retention and hematuria due to bladder wall involvement Diaphragmatic involvement due to phrenic nerve palsy