Table 15.
A comparative analysis of 6G, 4G, and 5G mobile communication systems.
| Parameters | 4G | 5G | 6G |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peak data rate/device | 1 Gbps | 10 Gbps | 1 Tbps |
| Latency | 100 ms | 1 ms | 0.1 ms |
| Max. spectral efficiency | 15 bps/Hz | 30 bps/Hz | 100 bps/Hz |
| Energy efficiency | <1000× relative to 5G | 1000× relative to 4G | >10× relative to 5G |
| Connection density | 2000 devices/km2 | 1 million devices/km2 | >10 million devices/km2 |
| Coverage percent | <70% | 80% | >99% |
| Positioning precision | Meters precision (50 m) | Meters precision (20 m) | Centimeter precision |
| End-to-end reliability | 99.9% | 99.999% | 99.9999% |
| Receiver sensitivity | Around −100 dBm | Around −120 dBm | <−130 dBm |
| Mobility support | 350 km/h | 500 km/h | >1000 km/h |
| Satellite integration | No | No | Fully |
| AI | No | Partial | Fully |
| Autonomous vehicle | No | Partial | Fully |
| Extended Reality | No | Partial | Fully |
| Haptic Communication | No | Partial | Fully |
| THz communication | No | Limited | Widely |
| Service level | Video | VR, AR | Tactile |
| Architecture | MIMO | Massive MIMO | Intelligent surface |
| Max. frequency | 6 GHz | 90 GHz | 10 THz |