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. 2024 Jul 12;24(14):4529. doi: 10.3390/s24144529

Table 3.

Main operating characteristics of the reported plate-format optochemical probes for simple ions.

Target Ion Detection Mode Dynamic
Working Range
(mol/L)		 LOD
(mol/L)		 Response Time
(min)		 Regenerability Real Sample Type Sample Preparation Reference
Na+ A 1 NR 3 NR 3 5 NR 3 Blood
serum		 Buffering [25]
K+ NR 3 NR 3 5 NR 3
F− A 1 1.0·10−7–1.1·10−3 1.0·10−7 1–10 Single-use Mouth rinse Buffering [30]
Cu2+ F 2 1.0·10−7–1.0·10−4 1.0·10−8 3–100 With EDTA Tap water Buffering [31]
Zn2+ F 2 2.5·10−4–1.8·10−3 1.7·10−4 NR 1 NR 3 NR 3 Buffering [32]
Pb2+ F 2 4.0·10−7–1.0·10−2 4.0·10−7 <0.17 With distilled water NR 3 No need [33]
Zn2+ A 1 8.0·10−9–1.0·10−5 8.0·10−9 3 With acidic solution River water No need present work
Pb2+ 3.0·10−8–1.0·10−5 3.0·10−8 3

1 A means absorbance. 2 F means fluorescence. 3 NR means not reported.