Table 1.

Mosquito vector species for West Nile virus and dengue virus and their geographical distribution.

Virus	Vectors Species	Vector Distribution	References
WNV	Culex pipiens	Europe, Australia, Asia, Africa, North and South America	[73]
	Culex quinquefasciatus	Tropical and sub-tropical regions of Africa, Madagascar, South Asia, North Australia, Mexico, USA, Tropical and sub-tropical South America	[74]
	Culex univittatus	Egypt	[75]
	Culex theileri	Turkey, Portugal, Spain and Iran	[76]
	Culex modestus	Europe, Asia and North Africa	[76]
	Culex neavei	Tropical regions of Africa	[76]
	Culex perexiguus	South and East Europe, North, East and West Africa, South and West Asia	[76]
DENV	Aedes aegypti	Africa, Northeast America, Middle East, Southeast Asia, the Pacific and Indian Islands North Australia, and the Mediterranean Basin *	[77,78,79]
	Aedes albopictus	Europe, Middle East, South and East Asia, North, Central and South America, Africa	[77,78,80,81]

The main mosquito vector species for West Nile virus (WNV) and dengue virus (DENV) infections are shown, together with their geographical distributions. * Currently, Ae. aegypti is present on the Black See Coast [56] and since 2022 has been established in Cyprus, indicating a potential future spread of this mosquito across Europe [57].