Table 1.
Participant characteristics by level of night and day light exposure.
| Night light exposure percentile |
Day light exposure percentile |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–50% | 50–70% | 70–90% | 90–100% | 0–50% | 50–70% | 70–90% | 90–100% | |
| Age | ||||||||
| M ± SD | 62.6 ± 7.86 | 61.7 ± 7.91 | 61.9 ± 7.79 | 62.2 ± 7.69 | 61.9 ± 7.95 | 62.3 ± 7.84 | 62.5 ± 7.74 | 63.5 ± 7.43 |
| Range | 43.5–78.9 | 43.5–79.0 | 43.7–78.0 | 43.8–78.4 | 43.6–79.0 | 43.6–78.7 | 43.5–78.8 | 43.5–78.5 |
| Sex, % male (N) | 40.5 (17,302) | 44.2 (7495) | 43.8 (7358) | 44.2 (3691) | 41.5 (17,544) | 41.0 (6946) | 42.5 (7228) | 48.3 (4128) |
| Ethnicity, % white (N) | 97.8 (41,637) | 96.9 (16,365) | 96.4 (16,141) | 95.7 (7951) | 96.5 (40,704) | 97.2 (16,416) | 97.8 (16,563) | 98.8 (8411) |
| Employment status, % employed (N) | 60.2 (25,545) | 65.1 (10,973) | 65.9 (10,991) | 64.8 (5360) | 64.7 (27,179) | 62.4 (10,501) | 61.2 (10,328) | 57.3 (4861) |
| Income | ||||||||
| % <£18 k (N) | 12.5 (5298) | 12.8 (2148) | 12.5 (2086) | 13.6 (1124) | 13.1 (5488) | 12.6 (2111) | 12.3 (2075) | 11.5 (982) |
| % £18–29.9 k (N) | 22.0 (9304) | 21.2 (3569) | 20.9 (3493) | 21.7 (1802) | 21.4 (9011) | 21.9 (3675) | 21.4 (3616) | 21.9 (1866) |
| % £30–51.9 k (N) | 26.1 (11,065) | 26.3 (4434) | 26.1 (4366) | 25.2 (2092) | 26.1 (10,958) | 25.6 (4297) | 26.4 (4458) | 26.4 (2244) |
| % £52-100 k (N) | 22.9 (9725) | 23.4 (3934) | 23.7 (3956) | 22.6 (1876) | 23.1 (9716) | 23.0 (3875) | 23.3 (3938) | 23.1 (1962) |
| % >£100 k (N) | 6.40 (2712) | 7.10 (1196) | 7.36 (1229) | 7.52 (623) | 6.79 (2854) | 6.66 (1120) | 7.04 (1189) | 7.02 (597) |
| Education | ||||||||
| % other (non-university) (N) | 47.9 (20,221) | 48.3 (8109) | 48.4 (8057) | 48.8 (4032) | 47.6 (19,922) | 48.5 (8129) | 48.5 (8162) | 49.7 (4206) |
| % university/college (N) | 43.9 (18,545) | 43.9 (7369) | 44.0 (7319) | 43.3 (3577) | 44.5 (18,660) | 43.7 (7317) | 43.4 (7306) | 41.6 (3527) |
| Townsend Deprivation Index | ||||||||
| M ± SD | −1.94 ± 2.69 | −1.71 ± 2.81 | −1.64 ± 2.86 | −1.41 ± 2.97 | −1.61 ± 2.88 | −1.81 ± 2.75 | −1.93 ± 2.69 | −2.27 ± 2.43 |
| Range | −6.26 to 10.5 | −6.26 to 9.89 | −6.26 to 9.99 | −6.26 to 9.89 | −6.26 to 10.5 | −6.26 to 9.89 | −6.26 to 9.89 | −6.26 to 8.94 |
| Smoking | ||||||||
| % previous (N) | 34.2 (14,564) | 35.6 (6023) | 37.4 (6270) | 38.4 (3196) | 34.6 (14,594) | 35.6 (6010) | 36.4 (6173) | 38.4 (3276) |
| % current (N) | 5.40 (2298) | 7.17 (1212) | 8.09 (1357) | 10.1 (842) | 6.99 (2949) | 6.92 (1169) | 6.51 (1103) | 5.73 (488) |
| Alcohol (M ± SD, days per week) | 3.00 ± 2.48 | 3.01 ± 2.49 | 3.02 ± 2.50 | 2.98 ± 2.56 | 2.90 ± 2.48 | 3.01 ± 2.50 | 3.09 ± 2.51 | 3.32 ± 2.53 |
| Urbanicity, % >10,000 population (N) | 83.1 (35,112) | 83.5 (14,036) | 85.5 (14,240) | 86.3 (7112) | 85.3 (35,750) | 83.9 (14075) | 83.0 (13954) | 79.2 (6721) |
| Physical activity (milli-g) | ||||||||
| M ± SD | 28.1 ± 7.86 | 28.8 ± 8.23 | 28.7 ± 8.23 | 28.1 ± 8.24 | 27.5 ± 7.88 | 28.4 ± 7.95 | 29.3 ± 8.04 | 30.7 ± 8.46 |
| Range | 4.83–69.2 | 7.26–69.3 | 5.88–69.2 | 5.50–69.4 | 5.50–69.3 | 4.94–67.9 | 7.55–69.4 | 4.83–67.4 |
| Diet score, % healthy (N) | 26.4 (10,942) | 25.1 (4147) | 24.7 (4026) | 24.5 (1984) | 25.1 (10,334) | 25.7 (4229) | 26.0 (4297) | 26.8 (2239) |
Light exposure percentile ranges were derived from estimated average illuminance (lux), with 90–100th percentile group representing the group with brightest light exposure. Education categories were ‘none’, ‘other (non-university)’, and ‘university’. Positive and negative TDI values represent locations with relatively higher or lower material deprivation, respectively, compared to areas with average material deprivation (score of zero). Smoking categories were ‘never’, ‘previous’, or ‘current’. Diet score categories were ‘healthy’ and ‘unhealthy’, defined according to meeting ≥5 of 10 dietary intake criteria for cardiometabolic health (see S3).