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. 2024 Jun 21;73(8):1253–1266. doi: 10.1007/s00011-024-01892-7

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — NLRP1 is necessary for paracrine senescence. A Heat map depicting expression of 48 human cytokines in the medium at 7 days following culture from IR and IR + siRNA NLRP1. SASP was measured from the supernatant of the cells. B Effect of conditioned medium (CM) in human fibroblast growth. CM was collected from control, IR or IR + siNLRP1 cells. Percentage of cell growth was determined over 5 days. Image show cell populations stained with DAPI. C The induction of SA-β-Gal activity by CM was determined by microscopy. D IL-6 and IL-8 cytokine release to the medium after culture with CM from control, IR or IR + siNLRP1 cells. All data are presented as means ± SEM, n = 4 independent experiments; ** P < 0.005, *** P < 0.001 irradiated vs. control. ^a P < 0.05, ^aa P < 0.005, ^aaa P < 0.001, IR + siRNA vs. IR cells (color figure online)