Table 2.
Evolution of Self-Rated Health Between 2021 and 2023 Stratified by Age Groups, Sex, Socio-economic Determinants and Comorbidities (n = 3888)*
| 2021–2023 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Improving (n = 389) |
Stable (n = 2366) |
Worsening (n = 1133) |
p-value | |
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | ||
| Age groups | 0.091 | |||
| Under 25 | 9 (14.7) | 32 (52.5) | 20 (32.8) | |
| Between 25 and 39 | 60 (11.0) | 314 (57.6) | 171 (31.4) | |
| Between 40 and 64 | 249 (9.9) | 1515 (60.4) | 742 (29.6) | |
| 65 and above | 71 (9.1) | 505 (65.1) | 200 (25.8) | |
| Sex | 0.008 | |||
| Male | 144 (8.9) | 1016 (63.3) | 444 (27.7) | |
| Female | 241 (10.6) | 1345 (59.2) | 685 (30.2) | |
| Other | 4 (30.8) | 5 (38.5( | 4 (30.8) | |
| Education | 0.214 | |||
| Primary | 13 (11.6) | 72 (64.3) | 27 (24.1) | |
| Secondary | 106 (8.6) | 753 (61.0) | 375 (30.4) | |
| Tertiary | 270 (10.6) | 1537 (60.6) | 731 (28.8) | |
| Other | 0 (0) | 4 (100.0) | 0 (0) | |
| Work situation | 0.240 | |||
| Salaried | 245 (9.9) | 1491 (60.3) | 738 (29.8) | |
| Freelance/sole trader | 28 (9.8) | 170 (59.2) | 89 (31.0) | |
| Retired | 73 (9.0) | 521 (64.6) | 213 (26.4) | |
| Unemployed | 11 (14.7) | 42 (56.0) | 22 (29.3) | |
| Other economically inactive | 32 (13.1) | 141 (57.8) | 71 (29.1) | |
| Profession | 0.011 | |||
| Blue collar workers | 24 (8.0) | 79 (26.5) | 79 (7.2) | |
| Lower grade white collar workers | 89 (8.9) | 619 (62.0) | 291 (29.1) | |
| Higher grade white collar workers | 114 (10.2) | 641 (57.4) | 361 (32.3) | |
| Professional-managers | 139 (10.7) | 809 (62.5) | 346 (26.7) | |
| Independent workers | 6 (11.8) | 23 (45.1) | 22 (43.1) | |
| Nationality | 0.616 | |||
| Swiss nationals | 139 (80.8) | 2540 (83.6) | 562 (83.0) | |
| Non-Swiss nationals | 33 (19.2) | 499 (16.4) | 115 (17.0) | |
| Living situation | 0.131 | |||
| Single | 79 (12.4) | 360 (56.7) | 196 (30.9) | |
| Single parent | 28 (11.2) | 153 (61.4) | 68 (27.3) | |
| With partner and kids | 144 (9.0) | 966 (60.6) | 484 (30.4) | |
| With partner, without kids | 119 (9.7) | 774 (63.3) | 330 (27.0) | |
| Cohabitation | 19 (10.2) | 113 (60.4) | 55 (29.4) | |
| Household income | 0.041 | |||
| Low | 43 (8.6) | 281 (56.5) | 173 (34.8) | |
| Middle | 225 (10.2) | 1330 (60.5) | 644 (29.3) | |
| High | 62 (10.8) | 356 (62.0) | 156 (27.2) | |
| Don’t know/don’t wish to answer | 59 (9.5) | 399 (64.6) | 160 (25.9) | |
| Pre-existing comorbidities | 0.214 | |||
| No | 286 (9.5) | 1835 (61.3) | 874 (29.2) | |
| Yes | 103 (11.5) | 531 (59.5) | 259 (29.0) | |
| Pre-existing mental health condition | 0.120 | |||
| No | 376 (9.9) | 2324 (61.0) | 1111 (29.1) | |
| Yes | 13 (16.9) | 42 (54.5) | 22 (28.6) | |
*Individuals who answered all three follow-ups (2021, 2022, and 2023) were included in this analysis. Self-rated health was compared between 2021 (with answers 0 “very good,” 1 “good,” 2 “average,” 3 “poor,” 4 “very poor”) and 2023 (with answers 0 “very good,” 1 “good,” 2 “average,” 3 “poor,” 4 “very poor”). Improving was defined as any improvement in self-rated health (from very poor to poor or better; from poor to average or better; from good to very good). Stable was defined as stable self-rated health with no change in the answer between 2021 and 2023. Worsening was defined as worsening self-rated health (from very good to good or worse; from good to poor or worse; from poor to very poor)