Table 1.
Simplified review of the tick species and their hosts reported to occur in Vietnam
| No | Tick species [reference on its occurrence in Vietnam] | Hosts of larvae and/or nymphs [reference] | Hosts of adults [reference] | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| In Vietnam | In Southeast Asia, in general | In Vietnam | In Southeast Asia, in general | |||
| 1 | Ixodes acutitarsus [5, 8, 9] | – | SM [10] (AV [11]) | – | MM, LM (Bo), HU [10] (AV [11]) | |
| 2 | Ixodes collaris [12, 13] | Bats [12, 13] | – | Bats [12, 13] | – | |
| 3 | Ixodes granulatus [14] | SM [14] | MA, HU, AV (RE) [5] | SM [14] | MA, HU, AV (RE) [5] | |
| 4 | Ixodes ovatus [14–16] | – | SM, MM, HU [5, 11] | Civets [14] | MA, HU (AV) [5, 11] | |
| 5 | Ixodes simplex [8, 16] | Bats [16] | Bats [8] | Bats [16] | Bats [8] | |
| 6 | Ixodes werneri [16] | Rats, treeshrews [16] | SM [5] | Rats, treeshrews [16] | SM [5] | |
| 7 | Amblyomma crassipes [14, 17–19] | Lizards, snakes [14, 17, 18] | RE (SM, MM) [5, 11] | RE (MA) [14, 17, 18]) | RE (SM, MM) [5, 11] | |
| 8 | Amblyomma geoemydae [14, 20, 21] | Turtles/tortoises [14, 22] | RE (MA, HU, AV) [5, 11] | Turtles/tortoises [14, 22] | RE (MA, HU) [5, 11] | |
| 9 | Amblyomma gervaisi [9, 14] | Lizards, snakes [14] | RE (MA, AV) [5, 11] | Lizards, snakes [14] | RE (MA, AV) [5, 11] | |
| 10 | Amblyomma helvolum [14, 20] | Lizards, snakes [14, 20] | RE (SM) [5] | Lizards, snakes [14, 20] | RE (LM) [5] | |
| 11 | Amblyomma javanense [14] | Pangolin [14] | Pangolin (RE, MA, HU) [5, 21] | pangolin [14] | Pangolin (RE, MA, HU) [5, 21] | |
| 12 | Amblyomma pattoni [14, 21] | Snakes (MA) [14] | Lizards, snakes (MA, AV) [5, 11] | Snakes (MA) [14] | Lizards, snakes (MA, AV) [5, 11] | |
| 13 | Amblyomma supinoi [14, 21] | Turtles/tortoises [23] | RE (MA) [21] | Turtles/tortoises [14] | RE (MA) [21] | |
| 14 | Amblyomma testudinarium [14] | MM, LM, (SM, HU) [14] | RE, MA, AV (frogs) [5, 11, 24] | Buffalos [14] | RE, LM: ungulates [5, 11] | |
| 15 | Amblyomma varanense [14, 25] | Lizards, snakes [14] | RE, MM, LM [5, 11] | Lizards, snakes [14] | RE, MM, LM [5, 11] | |
| 16 | Dermacentor atrosignatus [26] | – | SM, LM, HU [5] | Suidae [26] | RE, Suidae, MM, LM, HU [5] | |
| 17 | Dermacentor auratus [14, 25] | SM [14] | MA (AV) [5, 27] | Suidae [14, 26] | Suidae, MM, LM, HU (RE) [5, 27] | |
| 18 | Dermacentor bellulus [28] | Rats, treeshrews [28] | SM, MM (AV) [28] | HU [28] | Suidae, MM, LM (RE) [28] | |
| 19 | Dermacentor compactus [14, 25, 29] | – | SM, MM (RE) [29] | Suidae, HU [14, 26] | Suidae, MM, LM (RE) [29] | |
| 20 | Dermacentor filippovae [30] | – | – | Suidae [30] | – | |
| 21 | Dermacentor limbooliati [31] | – | – | Suidae, HU [31] | – | |
| 22 | Dermacentor steini [14] | – | SM [5, 32] | Suidae [26] | Suidae, MA, HU, RE [32] | |
| 23 | Dermacentor taiwanensis [14, 28] | Rodents, dog [28] | SM, MM (AV) [28, 33] | – | Suidae, MM, LM [28, 33] | |
| 24 | Dermacentor tamokensis [34] | – | – | Suidae [34] | Suidae [34] | |
| 25 | Haemaphysalis aborensis [14] | Porcupine, badger [14, 18] | MM, AV [5, 35] | Ungulates [14, 18] | MM, LM, AV [5, 35] | |
| 26 | Haemaphysalis anomala [14] | – | SM, AV [36] | Ungulates [14] | MM, Bo-LM, HU [36] | |
| 27 | Haemaphysalis asiatica [14] | Carnivores [14] | SM, MM [37] | Carnivores [14] | Carnivores-Viverridae [37] | |
| 28 | Haemaphysalis atheruri [14] | Bush-tailed porcupine [14] | Hystricidae [5] | Bush-tailed porcupine [14] | Hystricidae (SM, MM) [5] | |
| 29 | Haemaphysalis bandicota [5, 16] | Rats [16] | SM (MM) [38] | Rats [16] | SM, MM (Bo) [38] | |
| 30 | Haemaphysalis canestrinii [14] | – | Carnivores, SM, MM (AV) [39] | Dog [14] | carnivores, SM, MM (AV) [39] | |
| 31 | Haemaphysalis colasbelcouri [14, 18] | – | – | Buffalos, HU [14, 18] | Bo, Cervidae [5, 40] | |
| 32 | Haemaphysalis dangi [14, 18] | – | – | Porcupines, badgers, MM, ungulates [14, 18] | ||
| 33 | Haemaphysalis doenitzi [14] | – | AV [5, 41] | Hare [14] | AV (hares, HU, RE) [5, 14, 41] | |
| 34 | Haemaphysalis formosensis [14, 18] | Cervidae [14] | MA, AV [5] | Suidae [14] | MA, AV [5] | |
| 35 | Haemaphysalis grochovskajae [14] | – | – | Bo [14] | – | |
| 36 | Haemaphysalis heinrichi [14, 16] | Carnivores [14] | SM, carnivores [9, 11] | Carnivores [14] | Bo-MA, HU [9, 11] | |
| 37 | Haemaphysalis howletti [14] | – | SM, MM, AV [5] | Hare [14] | SM, MM [5] | |
| 38 | Haemaphysalis hystricis [14] | Dog [14] | Rodents, MM, LM, HU (AV) [5] | Dog [14], Suidae [26] | Dog, Bo, MM, LM, HU [42] | |
| 39 | Haemaphysalis koningsbergeri [9] | – | – | – | SM, carnivores, ungulates, HU [5, 14] | |
| 40 | Haemaphysalis lagrangei [14] | Carnivores, ungulates [14] | Carnivores, ungulates [43] | Carnivores, ungulates [14] | + Rodents, primates-HU, AV [43] | |
| 41 | Haemaphysalis laocayensis [9, 14, 18] | – | – | Otter, deer [14, 18] | – | |
| 42 | Haemaphysalis mageshimaensis [14] | – | SM, AV [44] | Carnivores, ungulates [14] | MM, LM, HU [44] | |
| 43 | Haemaphysalis obesa [14] | – | Carnivores, HU [5, 45] | Buffalo [14] | Ungulates, Ursidae, primates [45] | |
| 44 | Haemaphysalis ornithophila [14] | – | AV [18] | Buffalo [14] | Hares, Mustelidae, Bo, AV [11, 18] | |
| 45 | Haemaphysalis papuana [14] | – | MA [5, 46] | Dog [14] | Suidae-MA, HU (AV) [5, 14, 46] | |
| 46 | Haemaphysalis quadriaculeata [14] | – | – | Dogs, SM, MM, HU [14, 16] | ||
| 47 | Haemaphysalis roubaudi [14] | – | – | Deer, HU [14, 47] | ||
| 48 | Haemaphysalis shimoga [14] | Rodents [14] | Rodents [11] | Large ungulates, HU [14, 18] | Rodents, ungulates, HU [11] | |
| 49 | Haemaphysalis spinigera [14] | Garrulax leucolophus [14] | SM, MM, AV [14] | Dog, ungulates [14] | SM, carnivores, ungulates, HU [5, 11] | |
| 50 | Haemaphysalis suntzovi [14] | – | – | Suidae, porcupine [14] | ||
| 51 | Haemaphysalis traguli [14] | Mouse deer [26] | Trangulidae [5] | Mouse deer [14, 20] | Muridae, Suidae, Trangulidae [5] | |
| 52 | Haemaphysalis traubi [14] | – | – | Deer [14] | MM, LM [5] | |
| 53 | Haemaphysalis wellingtoni [14] | Shrews, carnivores, ungulates, primates-HU, AV [5, 14, 18] | ||||
| 54 | Haemaphysalis yeni [14] | Deer [14] | Hares, carnivores [11] | Deer [14] | Hares, carnivores, large ungulates [11] | |
| 55 | Hyalomma isaaci | – | Hares, MM, AV [5, 11] | Cattle [14, 16] | MM, LM-Bo, HU [5, 11] | |
| 56 | Nosomma monstrosum | – | SM [5, 11, 21] | Buffalo [14] | MM, LM-Bo (HU) [5, 11, 21] | |
| 57 | Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides | SM [14], dog, rat [48] | MA (AV) [5, 11] | Bo-LM [14], dog, rat [48] | Dog, Bo-MA, HU [5, 11] | |
| 58 | Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l | Dog [14, 18], cattle [48] | Carnivores (RE) [5, 11] | Dog [14, 18, 26], cattle [48] | Carnivores, HU [5, 11] | |
| 59 | Rhipicephalus microplus | Bo, deer, carnivores [14, 48] | Bo, HU (AV, RE, frogs) [5, 11] | Bo, deer, carnivores [14, 48] | Bo, HU (AV, RE, frogs) [5, 11] | |
Human or rare hosts are indicated with underlined fonts or parentheses, respectively
MA: mammals; SM: small size mammals; MM: medium size mammals; LM: large size mammals; HU: humans; Bo: Bovidae; AV: birds; RE: reptiles