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. 2024 Jul 5;47:249–260. doi: 10.1016/j.jot.2024.06.013

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

A) The osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation potentials of BMSCs. B) Flow cytometry analysis of BMSCs surface markers CD45, CD73, and CD90. C) The expression of ALP after 7 days of incubation and calcium nodules after 21 days of incubation. D) mRNA expression levels of OCN, RANKL, VEGF, and TNF-α in BMSCs after 72 h of culture with different scaffold extracts. E) Representative graphs and statistical histograms comparing CD86 marker in the M1 induction group and CD206 marker in the M2 induction group to the M0 group. F) Representative graphs and quantitative analysis showing the effects of hydrogel scaffold extracts on CD86 (M1 marker) and CD206 (M2 marker). (scale bar: 250 μm). (N: Normal medium, HG: High glucose medium, MetS: Metformin scaffolds. Data are provided as means ± SD, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01).