Representative pictures of A) H&E staining and B) Masson staining of bone tissue sections treated for 4 and 8 weeks in each group (scale bar: 250 μm). New bone area was assessed by bone histomorphometry at C) 4 weeks and D) 8 weeks. E) Blood glucose levels were detected consecutively after STZ injection. (DM: diabetes mellitus, AB: autologous bone, MetS: Metformin scaffolds; n = 6 per group, data are provided as means ± SD, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01).