Table 2.

Univariate and multivariate regression analysis assessing correlations between GL, MG-H1, or HbA1c and clinical parameters

T2D	n	GL		MG-H1		HbA1c		GL (n = 153)			MG-H1 (n = 153)			HbA1c (n = 151)
Factor		r	p	r	p	r	p	β	p	95% CI (Lower/Upper	β	p	95% CI (Lower/Upper	β	p	95% CI (Lower/Upper)
Age	153	0.109	0.181	0.107	0.187	−0.105	0.195	−0.253	0.003∗∗	−0.419/−0.086	−0.141	0.120	−0.319/0.037	−0.073	0.397	−0.244/0.097
Sex, male	153	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.111	0.119	−0.029/0.250	0.040	0.600	−0.109/0.189	0.007	0.929	−0.139/0.153
BMI	153	−0.101	0.213	0.021	0.798	0.238	0.003∗∗	−0.138	0.066	−0.284/0.089	0.049	0.533	−0.107/0.206	0.132	0.079	−0.015/0.279
Duration	153	0.384	<0.001∗∗∗	0.252	0.002∗∗	0.147	0.070	0.353	<0.001∗∗∗	0.200/0.507	0.191	0.023∗	0.027/0.354	0.117	0.150	−0.043/0.277
sBP	153	−0.010	0.898	0.020	0.808	−0.020	0.811
dBP	153	−0.110	0.177	−0.089	0.277	0.023	0.774
HDL-C	153	−0.106	0.191	−0.055	0.498	−0.122	0.133
LDL-C	153	0.041	0.615	0.034	0.677	−0.216	0.007∗∗							−0.121	0.126	−0.277/0.035
TG	153	0.072	0.380	0.037	0.654	0.035	0.666
FPG	153	0.027	0.743	−4.7 × 10−4	0.995	0.434	<0.001∗∗∗	−0.023	0.768	−0.178/0.132	0.009	0.911	−0.156/0.175	0.382	<0.001∗∗∗	0.237/0.527
HbA1c	153	−0.065	0.423	−0.177	0.028∗	-	-	−0.031	0.699	−0.190/0.128	−0.171	0.048∗	−0.341/−0.001
HOMA-IR	121	−0.145	0.114	0.058	0.525	0.093	0.311
CPI	135	−0.039	0.653	0.087	0.315	0.073	0.399
eGFR	153	−0.444	<0.001∗∗∗	−0.411	<0.001∗∗∗	0.170	0.036∗	−0.417	<0.001∗∗∗	−0.575/−0.259	−0.385	<0.001∗∗∗	−0.554/−0.216	0.216	0.008∗∗	0.058/0.373
hsCRP	151	−0.069	0.400	0.055	0.501	−0.191	0.019∗							−0.195	0.007∗∗	−0.337/−0.053

GL, R = 0.319, adjusted R² = 0.286, p < 0.001; MG-H1, R = 0.224, adjusted R² = 0.186, p < 0.001; HbA1c, R = 0.312, adjusted R² = 0.279, p < 0.001. The explanatory variable of sex was of discrete type: 0 for male and one for female, while all other variables were continuous.

β, standardized partial regression coefficient; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; CPI, C peptide index; dBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance; hsCRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; r, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient; sBP, systolic blood pressure; T2D, type 2 diabetes; TG, triglyceride.

∗p < 0.05; ∗∗p < 0.01; ∗∗∗p < 0.001.