Linear mixed model plots with mean (standard error) for proton patients with or without rectoprostatic hydrogel spacer. (a) International Prostate Symptom Score, (b) Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite for Clinical Practice (EPIC-CP) incontinence, (c) EPIC-CP irritative, (d) EPIC-CP bowel, (e) EPIC-CP sexual, and (f) EPIC-CP vitality scores. Abbreviations: IPSS, International Prostate Symptom Score; RS, rectal spacers.