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. 2024 Jul 27;14:17275. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-67989-5

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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Facial dynamics invariability. We measured facial movements and compared the differences before/after FaceMotionPreserve processing. (A) Illustration of facial landmarks. (B) Precision–recall curve for blink detection. (C) EAR and detected blinks of a patient before/after FaceMotionPreserve . The de-identified EAR values were temporally similar to the original ones with simultaneous blinks. (D) Mouth movement spectrogram of two patients that all neurologists diagnosed with tremor. Left: a patient whose original and de-identified video both had mean tremor score 2.3. Right: a patient whose original and de-identified video both had mean tremor score 2.0. The upper graphs are original spectrograms and the bottom graphs are de-identified spectrograms. The graphs have peak power in 4–6 Hz and show high similarity between the paired data. (E) Mean correlation of facial landmark pairs. Row i and column j depicts landmark pair (i,j) distance vector’s Pearson correlation coefficient before/after FaceMotionPreserve .