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Differential diversity of gut microbiota in patients with diabetic kidney disease and healthy controls. (A) Alpha diversity. (B) PCoA plot. (C) PERMANOVA test results. DKD, Diabetic Kidney Disease; ESRD, End-Stage Renal Disease. Beta diversity analyses were based on the Bray-Curtis distance of gut microbiota. Kruskal-Wallis H test with Dunn post hoc test was used to compare the differences between groups. ns, no significance; *, P < 0.05; **, P <0.01; ***, P<0.001; ****, P < 0.001.
