Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of patients with diabetic kidney disease and healthy controls.
| Characteristics | Healthy control (n = 20) |
DKD non-ESRD (n = 29) |
DKD ESRD (n = 19) |
P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 51.5 (43.5-59.8) | 60.0 (55.0-65.0) | 48.0 (38.5-66.0) | 0.09 |
| Sex, percent female | 10 (50.0) | 9 (31.0) | 6 (31.6) | 0.34 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.8 (22.4-28.9) | 27.1 (23.2-29.4) | 22.4 (20.9-24.8) $ | 1.14 x 10-2 |
| WBC, 109/L | 5.4 (4.9-6.1) | 6.5 (5.2-8.0) | 5.0 (3.7-5.4) $ | 8.76 x 10-4 |
| CRP, mg/L | 1.7 (1.0-3.0) | 4.1 (2.5-5.3) # | 4.8 (4.0-6.3) & | 1.60 x 10-4 |
| RBC, 1012/L | 4.2 (4.0-4.6) | 4.2 (4.0-4.6) | 3.1 (2.6-3.5) $& | 3.91 x 10-7 |
| PLT, 1012/L | 189.0 (169.2-232.2) | 203.0 (172.0-262.0) | 170.0 (150.5-206.5) | 0.12 |
| ALT, g/L | 26.5 (18.0-47.0) | 24.0 (13.0-47.0) | 17.0 (10.0-27.5) | 0.11 |
| AST, g/L | 26.0 (18.0-48.5) | 22.0 (16.0-47.0) | 15.0 (11.5-25.0) & | 1.61 x 10-2 |
| UMAC, mg/L | / | 162.8 (86.4-475.1) | / | / |
| UACR, mg/g | / | 311.5 (86.4-841.6) | / | / |
| UA, µmol/L | 374.0 (312.8-412.5) | 278.0 (251.0-416.0) | 435.0 (263.0-532.5) | 0.09 |
| UREA, mmol/L | 4.9 (4.1-5.2) | 4.6 (3.5-5.2) | 18.1 (14.3-24.1) $& | 1.06 x 10-9 |
| CREA, µmol/L | 58.5 (47.8-66.2) | 62.0 (55.0-75.0) | 784.0 (642.5-960.0) $& | 7.48 x 10-10 |
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73m2 | 104.0 (95.4-108.0) | 92.4 (75.2-99.5) | 4.8 (3.8-6.1) $& | 3.61 x 10-10 |
| SAS | 44.0 (37.5-52.5) | 43.0 (38.0-52.0) | 55.0 (41.2-57.5) | 0.05 |
| SDS | 42.0 (36.0-50.5) | 41.0 (35.0-47.0) | 54.5 (50.0-59.5) $& | 2.01 x 10-4 |
| HAM-A | 5.0 (4.0-6.0) | 5.0 (4.0-7.0) | 7.5 (6.0-9.0) $& | 4.32 x 10-3 |
| HAM-D | 14.0 (11.5-16.0) | 13.0 (12.0-15.0) | 18.5 (16.0-20.0) $& | 5.10 x 10-5 |
ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; CRP, C-reactive protein; CREA, creatinine; DKD, Diabetic Kidney Disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ESRD, End-Stage Renal Disease; HAM-A, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale; HAM-D, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; PLT, platelet; RBC, red blood cells; SAS, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale; SDS, Self-Rating Depression Scale; UACR, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio; UMAC, urinary microalbumin concentration; WBC, white blood cells. Continuous variables were expressed as median (quantile 1-quantile 3) and categorical variables as numbers (percentage). The Kruskal-Wallis H test with the Dunn post hoc test and Chi-square test were used to compare the differences between groups. #P < 0.05, DKD non-ESRD vs. healthy control; $P < 0.05, DKD ESRD vs. DKD non-ESRD; &P < 0.05, DKD ESRD vs. healthy control.
The “/” indicates not applicable.