TABLE 1.
Univariate analysis of the relation between patients’ background, clinical characteristics, clinical outcomes, and lens cloudiness.
| Total (n = 220) | Grade 1/2 (n = 60) | Grade 0 (n = 160) | p‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | ||||
| Age (years.), median [IQR] | 76.0 [71.0, 82.0] | 76.0 [72.0, 82.0] | 76.0 [70.3, 82.0] | 0.4937 |
| Sex (male), n (%) | 137 (62.3%) | 41 (68.3%) | 96 (60.0%) | 0.2523 |
| BMI, median [IQR] | 23.1 [20.7, 25.6] | 23.8 [20.8, 25.2] | 23.0 [20.7, 26.0] | 0.8379 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 50 (22.7%) | 14 (23.3%) | 36 (22.5%) | 0.8957 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 149 (67.7%) | 40 (66.7%) | 109 (68.1%) | 0.8370 |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 98 (44.5%) | 32 (53.3%) | 66 (41.3%) | 0.1090 |
| Organ, n (%) | ||||
| Stomach | 96 (43.6%) | 42 (70.0%) | 54 (33.7%) | <0.0001 * |
| Colon | 124 (56.4%) | 18 (30.0%) | 106 (66.3%) | |
| Location (stomach), n (%) | ||||
| Upper part | 23 (24.0%) | 15 (35.7%) | 8 (14.8%) | 0.0017 * |
| Middle part | 34 (35.4%) | 18 (42.9%) | 16 (29.6%) | |
| Lower part | 39 (40.6%) | 9 (21.4%) | 30 (55.6%) | |
| Location (colon), n (%) | ||||
| Right‐sided | 72 (58.1%) | 11 (61.1%) | 61 (57.5%) | 0.7763 |
| Left‐sided | 52 (41.9%) | 7 (38.9%) | 45 (42.5%) | |
| Tumor size (mm), median [IQR] | 22.0 [18.3, 29.0] | 22.5 [15.0, 31.8] | 22.0 [20.0, 28.0] | 0.8890 |
| Submucosal fatty tissue, n (%) | ||||
| Grade 0/1 | 141 (64.1%) | 16 (26.7%) | 125 (78.1%) | <0.0001 * |
| Grade 2 | 79 (35.9%) | 44 (73.3%) | 35 (21.9%) | |
| Lens cleaner, n (%) | ||||
| Cleastay | 71 (32.3%) | 6 (10.0%) | 65 (40.6%) | <0.0001 * |
| Cleash | 149 (67.7%) | 54 (90.0%) | 95 (59.4%) | |
| Endoscopist, expert, n (%) | 87 (39.5%) | 14 (23.3%) | 73 (45.6%) | 0.0020 * |
| Outcomes | ||||
| Procedure time (min), median [IQR] | 60.0 [40.0, 94.8] | 86.0 [58.0, 103.8] | 51.0 [36.3, 80.0] | <0.0001 * |
| En bloc resection, n (%) | 218 (99.1%) | 58 (96.7%) | 160 (100%) | 0.0735 |
| Histologic complete resection, n (%) | 210 (95.5%) | 51 (85.0%) | 159 (99.4%) | <0.0001 * |
| Adverse events, n (%) | 5 (2.3%) | 5 (8.3%) | 0 (0%) | 0.0013 * |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; IQR, interquartile range.
Adverse events: perforation in three patients and delayed bleeding in two patients in the Cleash group.
※p < 0.05.