Table 3.

Univariate and time‐dependent multivariate survival analysis for overall survival (OS) after second autologous stem‐cell transplantation (ASCT2).

	Univariate analysis (Log‐Rank)			Multivariate analysis (Cox)
Characteristics	HR	95% CI	p value*	HR	95% CI	p value**
Sex
Female	Ref.	–	–	Ref.	–	–
Male	1.50	0.96–2.50	0.074	2.66	1.42–4.95	0.002
Age at time of second ASCT2
<52.5 years	Ref.	–	–	Ref.	–	–
>52.5 years	2.20	1.10–4.60	0.036	1.72	0.71–4.14	0.227
ISS score at diagnosis of MM
I	Ref.	–	–
II–III	1.50	0.81–2.80	0.190
Cytogenetic risk at diagnosis of MM
Intermediate/low	Ref.	–	–
Higha	1.00	0.49–2.20	0.940
Number of prior line(s) of therapy before ASCT2
1	Ref.	–	–
>1	1.10	0.56–2.00	0.870
Time without new treatment after first ASCT (months)
<36 months	Ref.	–	–	Ref.	–	–
>36 months	0.53	0.33–0.85	0.009	0.63	0.35–1.15	0.133
Response depth before ASCT2
VGPR+	Ref.	–	–
PR, SD, or PD	0.89	0.54–1.50	0.660
Conditioning regimen of second ASCT
Standard or intensive	Ref.	–	–
Reduce	1.40	0.80–2.50	0.230
Response depth after ASCT2b
VGPR+	Ref.	–	–	Ref.	–	–
PR, SD, or PD	1.90	1.08–3.34	0.020	2.30	1.16–4.55	0.017
Consolidation therapy after ASCT2b	1.07	0.61–1.90	0.800
Maintenance therapy after ASCT2b	0.22	0.11–0.46	<0.001	0.20	0.09–0.42	<0.001

Abbreviations: CI 95%: 95% confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; MM, multiple myeloma; PD, progressive disease; PR, partial response; Ref., reference for HR calculus and interpretation; SD, stable disease; VGPR+: very good partial response or complete response, all according to IMWG.

^a t(4;14), t(14;16), t(14;20), del(17p), del(1p32) and 1q amplification.

^b time‐dependent variable.

^* p value for log‐rank test

^** p value for Wald test.