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. 2024 Jul 29;43:211. doi: 10.1186/s13046-024-03119-3

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — ITGAV marker identifies epithelial plastic cancer cells. A Percentage (mean ± SD) of EpCAM^high, EpCAM^low, and EpCAM^neg cancer cells generated after the engraftment of EpCAM⁺ITGAV⁺ and EpCAM⁺ITGAV⁻ cancer cells from mixed cSCCs into immunocompetent syngeneic mice (n = 6/group). P-value (unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test). B, C (B) Percentage (mean ± SD) of ITGAV⁺ cancer cells and (C) median ITGAV intensity (mean ± SD) of cancer cells in EpCAM⁺ITGAV⁺ and EpCAM⁺ITGAV⁻-derived tumors. P-value (unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test). D mRNA expression levels (mean ± SD) of the indicated genes in EpCAM⁺ITGAV⁺ cancer cells relative to EpCAM⁺ITGAV⁻ cancer cells from mixed cSCCs (n = 3/group). P-value (unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test). E Representative IF images of GFP (green)/ITGAV (red)/EpCAM (Ep, white)-expressing cells in epithelial, mixed, and mesenchymal cSCCs. Nuclei labelled with DAPI (blue). Scale bar: 100 µM. F–H Quantification (mean ± SD) of (F) GFP⁺ITGAV⁺, (G) mesenchymal GFP⁺EpCAM⁻ITGAV⁺, and (H) epithelial GFP⁺EpCAM⁺ITGAV⁺ cancer cells per tumor area (mm²) in epithelial (n = 3), mixed (n = 2), and mesenchymal (n = 2) cSCCs. P-value (one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test)