Fig. 1.

Axonal mitochondrial transport. (A) Ca²⁺ affects axonemal mitochondrial transport and localization, where axonemal mitochondria are docked in regions of high Ca²⁺ concentration. (i) Motor Release Model. (ii) Motor-Miro binding model. (B) Ca²⁺ promotes binding of SNPH to microtubules and kinesin-1, and SNPH stably anchors axonal mitochondria by inhibiting motor ATPase activity. (C) Mitochondria in axons are anchored in regions of higher glucose concentration; OGT, a glucose metabolite, modifies Milton, and FHL2 anchors mitochondria to actin