Characteristic Study ID	Intervention(s) and comparator(s)	Randomised [N]	Deaths [n/N (%)]	All adverse events [n/N (%)]	Severe/serious adverse events [n/N (%)]	Discontinued study due to adverse events [n/N (%)]
Avenell 2012	I1: vitamin D₃	2649	836/2649 (31.6)	363/2649 (13.7)	‐	‐
	C1: matched placebo	2643	881/2643 (33.3)	386/2643 (14.6)
	all:	5292			33 (0.6)
Bolton‐Smith 2007	I1: vitamin D₃ plus calcium	62	0/62 (0)	‐	‐	‐
	C1: matched placebo	61	1/60 (1.7)
	all:	123
Brunner 2011	I1: vitamin D₃ plus calcium	18,176	744/18,176 (4.1)	449/18176 (2.5)	449/18,176 (2.5)	‐
	C1: matched placebo	18,106	807/18,106 (4.5)	381/18106 (2.1)	381/18,106 (2.1)
	all:	36,282
Daly 2008	I1: calcium‐vitamin D₃‐fortified milk plus calcium	85	1/85 (1.2)	9/85 (10.6)	9/85 (10.6)	9/85 (10.6)
	C1: no intervention	82	0/82 (0)	2/82 (2.4)	2/82 (2.4)	2/82 (2.4)
	all:	167
Gallagher 2001	I1: calcitriol	123	2/123 (1.6)	87/123 (71.0)	55/123 (45.0)	‐
	C1: matched placebo	123	1/123 (0.8)	(56/123 (45.5)	46/123 (37.0)
	all:	246
Glendenning 2012	I: cholecalciferol 150,000 3‐monthly	353	2/353 (0.6)	24/353 (6.8)	19/353 (5.4)	‐
	C: placebo vitamin D 3‐monthly	333	0/333 (0)	21/333 (6.3)	15/333 (4.5)
	all:	686
Grady 1991	I: calcitriol	50	1/50 (2)	7/50 (14.0)	7/50 (14.0)	‐
	C: placebo vitamin D	48	0/48 (0)	2/48 (4.2)	2/48 (4.2)
	all:	98
Janssen 2010	I: vitamin D₃ plus calcium	36	0/36 (0)	‐	‐	‐
	C: matched placebo vitamin D₃ plus calcium	34	0/34 (0)
	all:	70
Komulainen 1999	I: vitamin D₃ plus calcium	116	0/116 (0)	‐	5/116 (4.3)	‐
	C: placebo	116	1/116 (0.9)		4/116 (3.4)
	all:	232
Lappe 2007	I1: vitamin D₃ plus calcium	446	4/446 (0.9)	1/446 (0.2)	13/446 (2.9)	‐
	I2: calcium plus vitamin D placebo	733	18/733 (2.5)	4/733 (0.5	20/733 (2.7)
	all:	1179
Larsen 2012	I1: vitamin D₃	65	2/65 (3.1)	0/65 (0.0)	2/65 (3.1)	1/65 (1.5)
	C1: matched placebo vitamin D	65	0/65 (0.0)	0/65 (0.0)	0/65 (0.0)	0/65 (0.0)
	all:	130
Murdoch 2012	I1: vitamin D₃	161	0/161 (0)	700/161	21/161 (13)	‐
	C1: matched placebo vitamin D	161	0/161 (0)	792/161	19/161 (11.8)
	all:	322
Ott 1989	I1: vitamin D3 plus calcium	43	0/43 (0)	11/43 (25.6)	‐	‐
	C1: matched placebo vitamin D plus calcium	43	1/43 (2.3)	1/43 (2.3)
	all:	86
Prince 2008	I1: vitamin D₂2 plus calcium	151	0/151 (0)	‐	‐	‐
	C1: matched placebo tablet of vitamin D plus calcium	151	1/151 (0.7)
	all:	302
Sanders 2010	I1: vitamin D₃	1131	40/1131 (3.5)	223/1131 (19.7)	244/1131 (19.7)	‐
	C1: matched placebo tablet	1127	47/1127 (4.2)	201/1127 (17.8)	207/1127 (17.8)
	all:	2258
Trivedi 2003	I1: vitamin D₃	1345	224/1345 (16.7)	‐	‐	‐
	C1: matched placebo vitamin D	1341	247/1341 (18.4)
	all:	2686
Witham 2013	I1: vitamin D₃	80	0/80 (0)	18/80 (22.5)	11/80 (13.7)	0/80 (0)
	C1: matched placebo vitamin D	79	1/79 (1.3)	21/79 (26.6)	13/79 (16.5)	0/79 (0)
	all:	159
Wood 2012	I1: vitamin D₃	203	0/203 (0)	32/203 (15.8)	15/203 (7.4)	11/203 (5.4)
	C1: matched placebo vitamin D	102	0/102 (0)	20/102 (19.6)	4/102 (3.9)	2/102 (2.0)
	all:	305
"‐" denotes not reported