Characteristic Study ID	Intervention(s) and control(s)	Deaths [n/N]	All adverse events [n/N (%)]	Severe/serious adverse events [n/N (%)]	Left study because of adverse events [n/N (%)]
Aloia 2005	I: vitamin D3, calcium	1/104	‐	8/104 (7.7)	‐
	C: placebo	2/104	‐	7/104 (6.7)	‐
total:			222
Avenell 2004	I: vitamin D3	4/70	‐	‐	‐
	C: no intervention	3/64	‐	‐	‐
total:			8 (6)	‐
Avenell 2012	I: vitamin D3	836/2649	363/2649 (13.7)	‐	‐
	C: matched placebo	881/2643	386/2643 (14.6)	‐	‐
total:				33 (0.6)	‐
Baeksgaard 1998	I: vitamin D3 plus calcium	0/80	2/80 (2.5)	‐	‐
	C: matched placebo	1/80	2/80 (2.5)	‐	‐
Bischoff 2003	I: vitamin D3 plus calcium	1/62	2/62 (3.2)	‐	‐
	C: matched placebo plus calcium	4/60	0/60 (0.0)	‐	‐
Bjorkman 2007	I: vitamin D3 plus calcium	27/150	‐	‐	‐
	C: calcium	9/68	‐	‐	‐
Bolton‐Smith 2007	I: vitamin D3 plus calcium	0/62	‐	‐	‐
	C: matched placebo	1/60	‐	‐	‐
Brazier 2005	I: vitamin D3 plus calcium	3/95	15/95 (15.8)	8/95 (8.4)	8/95 (8.4)
	C: matched placebo	1/97	17/97 (17.5)	10/97 (10.3)	10/97 (10.3)
Broe 2007	I: vitamin D2	5/99	‐	‐	‐
	C: matched placebo	2/25	‐	‐	‐
Brohult 1973	I: vitamin D3	1/25	3/25 (12.0)	1/25 (4.0)	0/25 (0.0)
	C: placebo	0/25	0/25 (0)	0/25 (0)	0/25 (0.0)
Burleigh 2007	I: vitamin D3 plus calcium	16/104	4/101 (4.0)	0/101 (0.0)	1/101 (1.0)
	C: matched placebo vitamin D3 plus calcium	13/104	3/104 (2.9)	0/104 (0.0)	0/104 (0.0)
Campbell 2005	I: home safety programme	6/195	‐	‐	‐
	C: social visits	10/196	‐	‐	‐
Chapuy 1992	I: vitamin D3 plus calcium	893/1634	40/1634 (2.4)	40/1634 (2.4)	40/1634 (2.4)
	C: double placebo	917/1636	28/1636 (1.7)	28/1636 (1.7)	28/1636 (1.7)
Chapuy 2002	I1: vitamin D3 plus calcium	70/389	27/389 (6.9)	3/389 (0.8)	‐
	I2: vitamin D3 plus calcium	46/194	16/194 (8.2)	0/194 (8.2)	‐
	C: double placebo			6/583 (1.0)	6/583 (1.0)
Chel 2008	I: vitamin D3	‐	‐	‐	‐
	C: matched placebo	‐	‐	‐	‐
Cherniack 2011	I: vitamin D3 plus calcium	1/23	4/23 (17.4)	3/23 (13.0)	3/23 (13.0)
	C: matched placebo plus calcium	0/23	4/23 (17.4)	4/23 (17.4)	4/23 (17.4)
Cooper 2003	I: vitamin D2 plus calcium	0/93	8/93 (8.6)	‐	8/93 (8.6)
	C: calcium	1/94	1/94 (1.1)	‐	1/94 (1.1)
total:				6/187 (3.2)
Coreless 1985	I: vitamin D2	8/41	3/41 (7.3)	1/41 (2.4)	1/41 (2.4)
	C: matched placebo	8/41	0/41 (0.0)	0/41 (0.0)	0/41 (0.0)
Daly 2006	I: calcium‐vitamin D3–fortified milk plus calcium	1/85	9/85 (10.6)	9/85 (10.6)	9/85 (10.6)
	C: no intervention	0/82	2/82 (2.4)	2/82 (2.4)	2/82 (2.4)
Dawson‐Hughes 1997	I: vitamin D3 plus calcium	2/187	6/187 (3.2)	6/187 (3.2)	6/187 (3.2)
	C: placebo	2/202	3/202 (1.5)	3/202 (1.5)	3/202 (1.5)
Dukas 2004	I: alfacalcidol	1/192	75/192 (39.0)	0/192 (0.0)	0/192 (0.0)
	C: placebo	1/186	82/186 (44.1)	0/186 (0.0)	0/186 (0.0)
Flicker 2005	I: vitamin D3 plus calcium	‐	‐	‐	‐
	C: calcium	‐	‐	‐	‐
Gallagher 2001	I: calcitriol	2/123	87/123 (71.0)	55/123 (45.0)	‐
	C: matched placebo	1/123	56/123 (45.5)	46/123 (37.0)	‐
Glendenning 2012	I: cholecalciferol 150,000 three‐monthly	2/353	24/353 (6.8)	19/353 (5.4)	‐
	C: placebo vitamin D three‐monthly	0/333	21/333 (6.3)	15/333 (4.5)	‐
Grady 1991	I: calcitriol	1/50	7/50 (14.0)	7/50 (14.0)	‐
	C: placebo vitamin D	0/48	2/48 (4.2)	2/48 (4.2)	‐
Grimnes 2011	I: vitamin D3	0/51	45/51 (88.0)	‐	‐
	C: placebo	1/53	46/53 (87.0)	‐	‐
Harwood 2004	I: vitamin D2 plus calcium	24/113	‐	‐	0/113 (0.0)
	C: no intervention	5/37	‐	‐	0/37 (0.0)
Jackson 2006	I: vitamin D3 plus calcium	744/18176	449/18,176 (2.5)	449/18,176 (2.5)	‐
	C: matched placebo	807/18106	381/18,106 (2.1)	381/18,106 (2.1)	‐
Janssen 2010	I: vitamin D3 plus calcium	0/36	‐	‐	‐
	C: matched placebo vitamin D3 plus calcium	0/34	‐	‐	‐
Komulainen 1999	I: vitamin D3 plus calcium	0/116	‐	5/116 (4.3)	‐
	C: placebo	1/116	‐	4/116 (3.4)	‐
Krieg 1999	I: vitamin D3 plus calcium	21/124	21/124	10/124 (8.1)	‐
	C: no treatment	26/124	26/124	2/124 (1.6)	‐
Kärkkäinen 2010	I: vitamin D3 plus calcium	15/1718	17/1718 (0.99)	‐	‐
	C: no intervention	13/1714	0/1714 (0.0)	‐	‐
Lappe 2007	I: vitamin D3 plus calcium	4/446	1/446 (0.2)	13/446 (2.9)	‐
	C: calcium plus vitamin D placebo	18/733	4/733 (0.5)	20/733 (2.7)	‐
Larsen 2004	I: home safety inspection	832/4957	‐	‐	‐
	C: vitamin D3 plus calcium	839/4648	‐	‐	‐
Latham 2003	I: vitamin D3	11/121	‐	‐	‐
	C: matched placebo	3/122	‐	‐	‐
Law 2006	I: vitamin D2	347/1762	‐	28/1762 (1.6)	28/1762 (1.6)
	C: no intervention	322/1955	‐	1955 (0.0)	1955 (0.0)
Lehouck 2012	I: vitamin D3	9/91	4/91 (4.4)	‐	‐
	C: matched placebo	6/91	0/91 (0.0)	‐	‐
Lips 1996	I: vitamin D3	282/1291	‐	‐	‐
	C: matched placebo	306/1287	‐	‐	‐
Lips 2010	I: vitamin D3	1/114	24/114 (21.0)	3/114 (2.6)	3/114 (2.6)
	C: matched placebo	0/112	26/112 (23.2)	2/112 (2.7)	2/112 (2.7)
Lyons 2007	I: vitamin D2	947/1725	‐	‐	‐
	C: matched placebo	953/1715	‐	‐	‐
Meier 2004	I: vitamin D3 (500 IU) orally, daily	0/30	‐	‐	‐
	C: no intervention	1/25	‐	‐	‐
Mochonis 2006	I: vitamin D3 plus calcium	0/42	0/42 (0.0)	‐	0/42 (0.0)
	C: no intervention	1/70	4/70 (5.7)	‐	4/70 (5.7)
Ooms 1995	I: vitamin D3	11/177	2/177 (1.1)	‐	‐
	C: matched placebo	21/171	0/171 (0.0)	‐	‐
Ott 1989	I: vitamin D3 plus calcium	0/43	11/43 (25.6)	‐	‐
	C: matched placebo vitamin D plus calcium	1/43	1/43 (2.3)	‐	‐
Porthouse 2005	I: vitamin D3 plus calcium	57/1321	‐	‐	‐
	C: no intervention	68/1993	‐	‐	‐
Prince 2008	I: vitamin D2 plus calcium	0/151	‐	‐	‐
	C: matched placebo tablet of vitamin D plus calcium	1/151	‐	‐	‐
Sanders 2010	I: vitamin D3	40/1131	223/1131 (19.7)	244/1131 (19.7)	‐
	C: matched placebo tablet	47/1127	201/1127 (17.8)	207/1127 (17.8)	‐
Sato 1997	I: vitamin D (alfacalcidol) plus calcium	1/45	‐	‐	‐
	C: matched placebo tablets of vitamin D and calcium	1/39	‐	‐	‐
Sato 1999a	I: vitamin D (alfacalcidol)	1/43	‐	‐	‐
	C: matched placebo tablet of vitamin D	0/43	‐	‐	‐
Sato 1999b	I: vitamin D (alfacalcidol)	0/34	‐	‐	‐
	C: matched placebo tablet of vitamin D	1/35	‐	‐	‐
Sato 2005a	I: vitamin D2	1/48	‐	‐	‐
	C: matched placebo tablet of vitamin D	2/48	‐	‐	‐
Schleithoff 2006	I: vitamin D3 2000 IU plus calcium 500 mg orally, daily	7/61	‐	‐	‐
	C: matched placebo vitamin D plus calcium	6/62	‐	‐	‐
Smith 2007	I: vitamin D2	355/4727	‐	‐	‐
	C: matched placebo intramuscular injection	354/4713	‐	‐	‐
Trivedi 2003	I: vitamin D3	224/1345	‐	‐	‐
	C: matched placebo vitamin D	247/1341	‐	‐	‐
Witham 2010	I: vitamin D2 (10,000 IU) orally, daily	4/53	20/53 (37.7)	‐	‐
	C: matched placebo tablet	2/52	25/52 (48.1)	‐	‐
Zhu 2008	I: vitamin D2 plus calcium	0/39	‐	‐	‐
	C: calcium plus placebo vitamin D	2/81	‐	‐	‐
Footnotes "‐" denotes not reported C: control; I: intervention