Study	Reason for exclusion
Adachi 1996	Randomised controlled trial. This trial included patients receiving corticosteroids (diagnosed with polymyalgia rheumatica, temporal arteritis, asthma, vasculitis, or systemic lupus erythematosus).
Andersen 2008	Randomised controlled trial. This trial included participants younger than 18 years (adolescent girls median age 12.2 years).
Arthur 1990	Randomised controlled trial. All participants received vitamin D.
Bacon 2008	Randomised controlled trial. All participants received vitamin D.
Bernstein 1996	Randomised controlled trial. This trial included patients receiving corticosteroids (diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease).
Berry 2010	This is not a randomised controlled trial.
Binkley 2011	Randomised controlled trial. All participants received vitamin D.
Bischoff‐Ferrari 2010a	Randomised controlled trial. All participants received vitamin D.
Bizzarri 2010	Randomised controlled trial. This trial included participants younger than 18 years.
Buckley 1996	Randomised controlled trial. This trial included patients receiving corticosteroids (diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis).
Caniggia 1992	This is not a randomised controlled trial.
Chapuy 1996	This is not a randomised controlled trial.
Chen 2001	Randomised controlled trial. All women received hormone replacement therapy.
Dawson‐Hughes 1995	Randomised controlled trial. All participants received vitamin D.
den Uyl 2010	Randomised controlled trial. All participants received vitamin D.
Diamond 2005	This is not a randomised controlled trial.
Dykman 1984	Randomised controlled trial in patients with glucocorticoid‐induced osteopenia.
Falch 1987	Randomised controlled trial. All participants received vitamin D.
Francis 1996	Randomised controlled trial. All participants received vitamin D.
Gallagher 1990	Randomised controlled trial. All participants received 400 IU of vitamin D2.
Gannage‐Yared 2003	This is not a randomised controlled trial.
Geusens 1986	Randomised controlled trial comparing the effect of nandrolone decanoate, 1‐alphahydroxyvitamin D3 and intermittent calcium infusions. Vitamin D group was not supplemented with calcium.
Giusti 2010	Randomised controlled trial. All participants received vitamin D.
Glendenning 2009	Randomised controlled trial. All participants received vitamin D.
Goswami 2008a	This is not a randomised controlled trial.
Goussous 2005	Randomised controlled trial. All participants received vitamin D.
Gupta 2010	This is not a randomised controlled trial.
Heaney 2011	Randomised controlled trial. All participants received vitamin D.
Hedström 2002	Randomised controlled trial. Vitamin D group also received anabolic steroids.
Heikinheimo 1992	This is not a randomised controlled trial. Participants were divided into treatment groups according to month of birth.
Hill 2010	Randomised controlled trial. All participants received vitamin D.
Holecki 2008	This is not a randomised controlled trial.
Holick 2008b	Randomised controlled trial. This trial did not fulfil our inclusion criteria.
Holvik 2007	Randomised controlled trial. All participants received vitamin D.
Inkovaara 1983	Quasi‐randomised trial. Participants randomised by date of birth.
Inomata 1986	This is not a randomised controlled trial.
Ish‐Shalom 2008	Randomised controlled trial. All participants received vitamin D.
Iwamoto 2000	Randomised controlled trial. Participants in the control group supplemented with calcium. Participants in the vitamin D group were not supplemented with calcium.
Javanbakht 2011	Randomised controlled trial. This trial included participants younger than 18 years.
Kamel 1996	This is not a randomised controlled trial.
Keane 1992	Randomised controlled trial. Participants in a control group supplemented with small dose of vitamin D.
Kenny 2004	Randomised controlled trial. All participants received vitamin D.
Kilpinen‐Loisa 2009	This is not a randomised controlled trial.
Lakatos 2000	Randomised controlled trial. This trial included patients receiving corticosteroids (diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematodes, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis or asthma bronchiale).
Leventis 2009	This is not a randomised controlled trial.
Lind 1988	Randomised controlled trial. This trial included participants with primary hyperparathyroidism.
Lind 1989c	This is not a randomised controlled trial.
Matsumoto 2010	Randomised controlled trial. All participants received vitamin D or vitamin D analogs.
Meyer 2002	Quasi‐randomised trial. Before the trial started, the days of the month (1–31 days) were divided randomly into group A and group B, and based on the day of birth, a participant was placed automatically in group A or group B when registered in the trial database.
Nugent 2009	This is not a randomised controlled trial.
Nuti 2006	Randomised controlled trial. All participants received vitamin D.
Orwoll 1989	Randomised controlled trial. Participants received 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3.
Pekkarinen 2010	Randomised controlled trial. All participants received vitamin D.
Prestwood 1996	This is not a randomised controlled trial.
Reginster 1999	Randomised controlled trial. This trial included patients receiving high doses of corticosteroids (cardiac transplant, severe inflammatory syndrome, etc).
Reginster 2001	Randomised controlled trial. All participants received vitamin D.
Romagnoli 2008	Randomised controlled trial. All participants received vitamin D.
Rosenblum 2012	Randomised controlled trial. Participants received a combination of vitamin D, vitamin C, vitamin B1, vitamin B12, and folate.
Russo 2011	This is not a randomised controlled trial.
Sambrook 1993	Randomised controlled trial. This trial included patients on a long‐term corticosteroid therapy.
Sambrook 2000	Randomised controlled trial in patients after cardiac or lung transplantation.
Sambrook 2003	Randomised controlled trial. All participants received vitamin D2 plus calcium, vitamin D3 or alendronate plus calcium. There is no control group of the trial.
Sato 2005b	Randomised controlled trial. All participants received vitamin D.
Sato 2005c	Randomised controlled trial. Participants received a combination of menatrenone, vitamin D2, and calcium.
Sato 2006	Randomised controlled trial. Participants were randomised to a combination of alendronate and vitamin D2.
Sebert 1995	Randomised controlled trial. All participants received vitamin D.
Serhan 2005	Randomised controlled trial. All participants received vitamin D.
Shipowick 2009	This is not a randomised controlled trial.
Shiraki 1991	This is not a randomised controlled trial.
Sidbury 2008	Randomised controlled trial in children.
Slatkovska 2011	Randomised controlled trial. All participants received vitamin D.
Smith 2009	Randomised controlled trial. All participants received vitamin D.
Stein 2011	Randomised controlled trial. All participants received vitamin D.
Stephens 1981	Randomised controlled trial. All participants received vitamin D. Participants younger than 18 years were included.
Tfelt‐Hansen 2004	Randomised controlled trial. All participants received vitamin D.
Tilyard 1992	Randomised controlled trial. Participants in active treatment group treated with vitamin D and participants in the control group treated with calcium.
Trang 1998	Randomised controlled trial. All participants received vitamin D.
Verschueren 2010	Randomised controlled trial. All participants received vitamin D.
Vieth 2004	Randomised controlled trial. All participants received vitamin D.
Viljakainen 2006b	Randomised controlled trial in adolescent girls.
von Restorff 2009	This is not a randomised controlled trial.
Wejse 2009	Randomised controlled trial in patients with tuberculosis starting antituberculosis treatment.