Table 4A.
Mean and standard deviations for various parameters per interventions by Tukey's HSD test.
Parameters | Time | Interventions | Post-hoc test by Tukey HSD | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Placebo | USC | CGM | F -values | P -values | ||
Tau protein (pg/ml) | Baseline | 26.92 ± 4.37a | 26.10 ± 3.83a | 26.14 ± 4.27a | 12.27 | 0.886 |
End of study | 31.72 ± 3.72a,b | 25.86 ± 3.34b,a | 24.66 ± 4.01b,b | 0.001 | ||
BDNF (pg/ml) | Baseline | 57.54 ± 9.25a | 57.92 ± 7.55a | 62.00 ± 8.53a | 5.933 | 0.399 |
End of study | 55.09 ± 7.58a,a | 60.00 ± 7.56b,a | 66.28 ± 9.04b,b | 0.005 | ||
Aβ-42 (pg/ml) | Baseline | 31.70 ± 2.49a | 33.31 ± 2.99a | 32.06 ± 2.95a | 25.37 | 0.898 |
End of study | 35.24 ± 2.72a,b | 32.46 ± 2.84a,a | 31.28 ± 4.48b,b | 0.001 | ||
IL-6 (μg/L) | Baseline | 3.40 ± 1.38a | 3.64 ± 1.74a | 3.70 ± 0.93a | 3.332 | 0.848 |
End of study | 3.80 ± 1.72a,b | 2.92 ± 1.66a,a | 2.37 ± 0.50b,b | 0.037 | ||
TNF-α (μg/L) | Baseline | 2.04 ± 0.23a | 2.09 ± 0.44a | 2.12 ± 0.28a | 96.01 | 0.804 |
End of study | 2.46 ± 0.36a,b | 1.78 ± 0.15b,a | 0.93 ± 0.29c,b | 0.001 | ||
MMSE | Baseline | 16.09 ± 1.86a | 15.69 ± 1.70a | 16.07 ± 1.81a | 39.28 | 1.000 |
End of study | 13.81 ± 1.72a,b | 16.15 ± 1.14b,a | 19.21 ± 1.67c,b | 0.001 | ||
GLFS | Baseline | 17.36 ± 1.85a | 16.53 ± 1.56a | 16.92 ± 2.01a | 40.41 | 0.826 |
End of study | 18.54 ± 1.75a,a | 15.46 ± 1.45b,a | 12.71 ± 1.63c,b | 0.001 |
Significant interactions among placebo, USC and CGM groups were analyzed by Turkey HSD. The values are expressed as mean ± SD. F-value and P-value were also provided. Means not sharing subscripts differ significantly at P < 0.05 as indicated by Tukey HSD. The first superscript in “End of Study” denotes significance level of intergroup comparison by Tukey HSD post hoc analysis and second super script in “End of Study” denotes significance level of pairwise comparison.