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. 2024 Jun 7;14(3):20230072. doi: 10.1098/rsfs.2023.0072

Figure 12.

(a) P-δ curves for different synthetic fin rays. The secant flexural stiffness increases for stiffer core stiffness Ec.

(a) P-δ curves for different synthetic fin rays. The secant flexural stiffness increases for stiffer core stiffness Ec . The coreless ray shows softening associated with buckling. (b) Flexural stiffness, normalized by the morphing compliance of the coreless design (Ec = 0) from models and experiments.