TABLE 1.
Description of piRNAs and CVD literature articles.
| Category | Specific piRNA | Article type (description) | Diseases/Target | Author(s), year published, and PMID |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Evidence of piRNA in CVD | • 585 piRNAs upregulated | cross-sectional study (serum of heart failure patients and healthy volunteers) | Heart Failure | Yang et al. (2018), 30536343 |
| • 4,623 piRNAs downregulated (has-piR-020009 and has-piR-006426 were the most downregulated) | ||||
| • piRNA-2106027 | cross-sectional study (circulation of 6 myocardial infarction patients and 5 controls) | Myocardial Infarction | Rajan et al. (2016), 27067666 | |
| • Has-piR-33151 (DQ593039) highly upregulated (biomarker for lung and heart diseases) | cross-sectional study (extracellular vesicles form 23 patients with CTEPH and 23 controls) | Chronic thrombo-embolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) | Lipps et al. (2019), 31671920 | |
| • Has-piR-33543 (DQ593431) upregulated | ||||
| • Has-piR-31068 (DQ570956) downregulated | ||||
| Mechanisms involved- piRNAs in CVD | • mmu-piR-037808 (CHAPIR) | Basic research (CHAPIR-METTL3-PARP10-NFATC4 signal axis) | Cardiac Hypertrophy | Gao et al. (2020), 33020597 |
| • piRNA-823 | Basic research and case-control study (bone marrow biopsy specimens from 15 newly diagnosed multiple myeloma [MM] patients and 8 control as well as primary CD138+ MM cells; Plasma cells from 43 newly diagnosed cases of MM and 18 controls; Human MM cell lines: RPMI8226, ARH-77 and U266) | Angiogenesis | Yan et al. (2015), 24732595 | |
| • LINE-1 retrotransposon | Basic research (inhibition of LINE-1 retrotransposon) | Ischaemic Damage | Lucchinetti et al. (2006), 16418318 | |
| • Akt pathway | Basic research (activation of the Akt/PKB signaling; inhibition of cell apoptosis and epigenetic modifications) | Ischaemic Damage | Rajan et al. (2014), 25220478; Zhu et al. (2006), 16901477 |